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. 2021 Jun 13;2021:9973457. doi: 10.1155/2021/9973457

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Exosomes relieved LPS-induced autophagy stress of alveolar macrophages. (a) Image of autophagic vacuole in alveolar macrophages taken by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The yellow arrow indicates typical autophagic vacuoles (×30,000 magnification). (b) Alveolar macrophages were transfected with an adenovirus expressing mRFP-GFP-LC3. Cells were treated with exosomes or exosome-depleted conditioned media and exposed to 10 μg/ml LPS for 24 hours. Yellow puncta (overlay) represent autophagosomes, whereas red puncta indicate autolysosomes (×400 magnification). (c) The numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were determined by counting 50 cells. Values obtained from three independent experiments are expressed as mean ± SD. ∗P < 0.05 vs. the control group; ∗∗P < 0.01 vs. the control group; #P < 0.05 vs. the LPS group; ##P < 0.01 vs. the LPS group.