Table 3.
Overview of dermatological signs and symptoms at diagnosis
| Characteristic | Value (N = 53) |
|---|---|
| N (%) | |
| Location of livedo reticularis | |
| Face | 7 (14) |
| Arms | 40 (77) |
| Legs | 52 (98) |
| Trunk | 34 (65) |
| Buttocks | 8 (15) |
| Trunk and/or buttocks | 35 (67) |
| Skin biopsy performed | 43 (81) |
| Skin biopsy standardizeda | 20 (47) |
| Sneddon syndrome-related abnormalities | 29 (67) |
| Type of abnormalitiesb | |
| Thickened vessel wall | 20 (69) |
| Neovascularization | 27 (93) |
| Occluded vessels | 10 (35) |
| Inflammatory cells surrounding vessels | 6 (21) |
| Location of abnormalities | |
| Superficial dermis | 1 (4) |
| Deep dermis | 20 (71) |
| Total dermis | 7 (25) |
aUnstandardized procedures included less than 3 biopsies (n = 15), biopsies not deep enough (n = 7) or not taken from the white centre of the livedo (n = 3)
bTotals can exceed 100%, because skin biopsies can show multiple abnormalities