Table 1.
Patients’ and stones’ baseline characteristics
| Total: 122 | |
|---|---|
| Sex, N° (%) | |
| Male | 74 (60.6) |
| Female | 48 (39.4) |
| Mean age (± SD), years | 55.2 (± 14.5) |
| BMI, N° (%) | |
| < 18.5 | 5 (4.1) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 60 (49.2) |
| 25–29.9 | 47 (38.5) |
| ≥ 30 | 10 (8.2) |
| Comorbidities, N° (%) | |
| Diabetes | 17 (13.9) |
| Hypertension | 32 (26.2) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 12 (9.8) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (2.5) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 5 (4.1) |
| Hyperparathyroidism | 3 (2.5) |
| Haemorrhagic diathesis | 2 (1.6) |
| Recurrent urinary tract infections | 22 (18.3) |
| Drugs, N° (%) | |
| Anticoagulants | 4 (3.3) |
| Antiplatelets | 16 (13.1) |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists score, N° (%) | |
| 1 | 22 (18) |
| 2 | 79 (64,8) |
| 3 | 21 (17.2) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, N° (%) | |
| 0 | 88 (72.1) |
| 1 | 19 (15.6) |
| 2 | 8 (6.5) |
| 3 | 3 (2.5) |
| 4 | 3 (2.5) |
| 5 | 1 (0.8) |
| Urinary tract abnormalities, N° (%) | 6 (4,9) |
| Renal malrotation | 2 (1.6) |
| Horseshoe kidney | 1 (0.8) |
| Ectopic kidney | 1 (0.8) |
| Duplex ureter | 2 (1.6) |
| Single kidney, N° (%) | 3 (2.5) |
| Skeletal abnormalities, N° (%) | 2 (1.6) |
| Previous homolateral stone treatment, N° (%) | 61 (50) |
| Stone number, N° (%) | |
| Single | 48 (39.3) |
| Multiple | 74 (60.7) |
| Median total stone volume (IQR), cm3 | 1.92 (1–3.1) |
| Median mean stone density (IQR), HU | 850 (550–998) |
| Stone location, N° (%) | |
| Lower calyx | 15 (12.3) |
| Middle calyx | 6 (4.9) |
| Renal pelvis | 24 (19.6) |
| Upper calyx | 4 (3.3) |
| Multiple locations | 73 (59.9) |
| Pre-operative positive urine culture, N° (%) | 19 (15.6) |
| Stone composition, N° (%) | |
| Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate | 38 (31.1) |
| Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate | 26 (21.3) |
| Uric acid | 25 (20.5) |
| Calcium Carbonate + Calcium Oxalate | 10 (8.2) |
| Calcium Carbonate | 7 (5.7) |
| Calcium Oxalate Mono + Dihydrate | 5 (4.1) |
| Calcium Phosphate | 4 (3.3) |
| Cystine | 4 (3.3) |
| Struvite | 3 (2.5) |