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. 2021 May 4;26(1):9–27. doi: 10.1007/s10911-021-09487-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Repeated skin flap during the estrous cycle demonstrates limited cellular rearrangements and ductal stability. a Cartoon of an adult KikGR mouse in which small areas of the mammary gland were photo-converted using the skin flap method. b Timeline of the repeated skin flap experiment over the course of an entire estrous cycle. c Confocal overview image (single Z-plane) of the visible area of the mammary gland using a skin flap (upper panel) and zoom images of the indicated converted areas (lower panels). Mammary gland is shown directly after the photo-conversion of small areas. Scale bars represent 1 mm (overview image) and 100 µm (zoom images). d Zoom images of the regions indicated with white boxes in panel c 9 days after photo-conversion (single Z-planes). Converted areas stayed cohesive over time, and no difference in dilution rate is observed between different regions (ductal end, branch point, and ductal segment respectively) indicating similar turnover rates throughout the gland. Scale bars represent 100 µm. e Average green/red ratio of the three photo-converted regions depicted in c and d directly after photo-conversion (Day 0) and after a period of 9 days, demonstrating an equal turnover rate throughout the different ductal compartments. Images are representative of 4 independent experiments in 4 different mice