Table 4.

Potential complications from rectal spacer injection

Mild	Moderate	Severe
Sensation of rectal fullness/ pain [15]	Infection, e.g., prostatitis/ rectal abscess [16, 20]	Systemic embolism if air/ gel injected intravenously [43]
Tenesmus [43]	Rectal ulcers [30]	Fistula requiring colostomy/ urostomy [14, 20]
Diarrhoea [20]		Anaphylaxis [43]