Table 1.
Characteristics among participants among 4 groups of BMI change trajectory by sexa.
| Characteristics | Loss | Stable | Moderate gain | Substantial gain | Statisticsb | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | ||||||
| No. participants | 388 | 2795 | 2789 | 855 | ||
| Total person × years | 3221 | 26,425 | 27,695 | 8453 | ||
| Follow-up duration (year) | 8.3 (6.1) | 9.5 (7.0) | 9.9 (7.1) | 9.9 (6.5) | 7.49 | < 0.001 |
| Age (y) | 41.8 (15.8) | 40.4 (14.1) | 37.0 (14.0) | 32.8 (13.0) | 79.47 | < 0.001 |
| Education year (y) | 8.8 (4.2) | 7.9 (4.0) | 8.2 (3.6) | 9.0 (3.4) | 308.59 | < 0.001 |
| Rural, n (%) | 214 (55) | 1802 (64) | 1824 (65) | 553 (65) | 15.70 | 0.001 |
| Initial SBP (mmHg) | 118.3 (10.9) | 114.8 (11.1) | 113.3 (10.8) | 113.6 (11.0) | 28.77 | < 0.001 |
| Initial DBP (mmHg) | 76.4 (7.2) | 74.8 (7.8) | 73.8 (7.8) | 74.0 (7.8) | 18.23 | < 0.001 |
| Initial weight (kg) | 71.0 (11.1) | 61.9 (10.2) | 59.3 (8.5) | 59.5 (8.1) | 193.13 | < 0.001 |
| Initial BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 (2.9) | 22.3 (2.8) | 21.2 (2.4) | 21.0 (2.3) | 370.40 | < 0.001 |
| Lean (< 18.5), n (%) | 1 (0.3) | 150 (5.4) | 293 (11) | 110 (13) | 885.03 | < 0.001 |
| Normal (18.5–23.9), n (%) | 129 (33) | 1935 (69) | 2152 (77) | 657 (77) | ||
| Overweight (24.0–27.9), n (%) | 180 (46) | 599 (21.0) | 308 (11) | 81 (9.5) | ||
| Obesity (≥ 28.0), n (%) | 78 (20) | 111 (4.0) | 36 (1.3) | 7 (0.8) | ||
| Current weight (kg) | 62.6 (11.4) | 61.5 (10.9) | 65.6 (9.9) | 74.7 (10.1) | 356.39 | < 0.001 |
| Current BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 (3.3) | 22.2 (3.1) | 23.5 (3.0) | 26.4 (2.9) | 445.92 | < 0.001 |
| Lean (< 18.5), n (%) | 49 (13) | 268 (9.6) | 106 (3.8) | 3 (0.4) | 1106.50 | < 0.001 |
| Normal (18.5–23.9), n (%) | 224 (58) | 1811 (65) | 1499 (54) | 170 (20) | ||
| Overweight (24.0–27.9), n (%) | 91 (23) | 593 (21) | 992 (36) | 251 (29) | ||
| Obesity (≥ 28.0), n (%) | 24 (6.2) | 123 (4.4) | 192 (6.9) | 431 (50) | ||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 206 (53) | 1690 (61) | 1672 (60) | 456 (53) | 21.42 | < 0.001 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 198 (51) | 1571 (56) | 1610 (58) | 490 (57) | 6.61 | 0.085 |
| Current dietary energy (kcal) | 2258.8 (2292.5) | 2243.2 (792.8) | 2305.5 (1128.1) | 2358.4 (994.1) | 3.02 | 0.028 |
| Current physical activity (MET hours/week) | 121.1 (123.9) | 130.2 (133.0) | 132.3 (143.5) | 154.7 (157.5) | 7.77 | < 0.001 |
| Female | ||||||
| No. participants | 744 | 3487 | 2643 | 561 | ||
| Total person × years | 6393 | 32,098 | 27,245 | 5564 | ||
| Follow-up duration (year) | 8.6 (6.4) | 9.2 (7.0) | 10.3 (7.1) | 9.9 (6.8) | 18.43 | < 0.001 |
| Age (y) | 42.4 (14.5) | 40.3 (14.5) | 37.8 (13.2) | 36.8 (13.9) | 33.99 | < 0.001 |
| Education year (y) | 6.5 (4.6) | 6.7 (4.6) | 6.6 (4.5) | 6.7 (4.5) | 0.45 | 0.717 |
| Rural, n (%) | 431 (58) | 2113 (61) | 1728 (65) | 343 (61) | 21.14 | < 0.001 |
| Initial SBP (mmHg) | 114.7 (12.1) | 110.5 (12.0) | 109.1 (12.1) | 109.5 (11.5) | 44.07 | < 0.001 |
| Initial DBP (mmHg) | 74.5 (8.0) | 72.0 (8.3) | 71.3 (8.4) | 71.4 (8.1) | 30.17 | < 0.001 |
| Initial weight (kg) | 61.3 (9.2) | 54.0 (8.2) | 51.7 (7.6) | 51.8 (7.3) | 287.76 | < 0.001 |
| Initial BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 (3.2) | 22.3 (2.8) | 21.2 (2.6) | 20.9 (2.5) | 481.75 | < 0.001 |
| Lean (< 18.5), n (%) | 9 (1.2) | 208 (6.0) | 364 (14.0) | 91 (16.0) | 1159.78 | < 0.001 |
| Normal (18.5–23.9), n (%) | 263 (35.0) | 2412 (69) | 1888 (71.0) | 399 (71.0) | ||
| Overweight (24–27.9), n (%) | 319 (43.0) | 757 (22.0) | 360 (14.0) | 67 (12.0) | ||
| Obesity (≥ 28.0), n (%) | 153 (21.0) | 110 (3.2) | 31 (1.2) | 4 (0.7) | ||
| Current weight (kg) | 55.2 (10.1) | 54.2 (9.0) | 57.8 (9.0) | 64.9 (9.1) | 254.69 | < 0.001 |
| Current BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 (3.8) | 22.4 (3.1) | 23.8 (3.2) | 26.6 (3.2) | 337.11 | < 0.001 |
| Lean (< 18.5), n (%) | 98 (13.0) | 326 (9.3) | 97 (3.7) | 3 (0.5) | 871.97 | < 0.001 |
| Normal (18.5–23.9), n (%) | 403 (54.0) | 2183 (63.0) | 1330 (50.0) | 125 (22.0) | ||
| Overweight (24–27.9), n (%) | 165 (22.0) | 818 (23.0) | 941 (36.0) | 243 (43.0) | ||
| Obesity (≥ 28.0), n (%) | 78 (10.0) | 160 (4.6) | 275 (10.0) | 190 (34.0) | ||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 33 (4.4) | 122 (3.5) | 85 (3.2) | 12 (2.1) | 5.55 | 0.136 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 55 (7.4) | 287 (8.2) | 202 (7.6) | 40 (7.1) | 1.45 | 0.695 |
| Current dietary energy (kcal) | 1915.1 (2202.2) | 1891.0 (714.0) | 1911.2 (642.5) | 1948.8 (621.6) | 0.72 | 0.542 |
| Current physical activity (MET hours/week) | 122.5 (107.1) | 128.1 (120.4) | 128.1 (130.2) | 138.6 (123.2) | 2.06 | 0.103 |
aValues in table are mean ± SD or N (percent); Missing data are handled in the analysis.
bF value for continues variable and Chi square for category variable.