Table 1.
Comparison of Sample Characteristics by Baseline Studies
| Study 1 (N=76) | Study 2 (N=89) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 58.6 (6.7) | 64.8 (7.9) | <0.001 | |
| Home | 0 (0%) | 38 (43%) | <0.001 | |
| CBO | 62 (82%) | 37 (42%) | ||
| Mail/Online | 14 (18%) | 14 (16%) | ||
| Female | 33 (43%) | 68 (76%) | <0.001 | |
| Male | 43 (57%) | 21 (24%) | ||
| Married/cohabitating | 14 (19%) | 45 (51%) | <0.001 | |
| Single (Never married/widowed) | 12 (16%) | 38 (43%) | ||
| Separated/Divorced | 49 (65%) | 6 (7%) | ||
| No formal Ed/<HS | 7 (10%) | 42 (48%) | <0.001 | |
| HS/GED equivalent | 10 (14%) | 12 (14%) | ||
| Associate/Technical training | 24 (33%) | 18 (20%) | ||
| Bachelors/Masters/Doctorate | 31 (43%) | 16 (18%) | ||
| Health insurance | 50 (57%) | 45 (63%) | 0.40 | |
| $0– 39,999 | 24 (37%) | 33 (37%) | <0.001 | |
| $40,000–$79,999 | 17 (26%) | 8 (9%) | ||
| ≥$80,000 | 12 (18%) | 4 (4%) | ||
| Prefer not to answer/Unknown | 12 (18%) | 44 (49%) | ||
| Currently Employed | 51 (69%) | 38 (43%) | <0.001 | |
| Not Employed | 23 (31%) | 51 (57%) | ||
| Better opportunity | 30 (48%) | 18 (21%) | 0.002 | |
| Join family | 29 (46%) | 57 (66%) | ||
| Asylum/Refugee | 4 (6%) | 11 (13%) | ||
| ≤50years | 51 (72%) | 29 (33%) | <0.001 | |
| >50years | 20 (28%) | 59 (67%) | ||
| <10years | 21 (30%) | 41 (47%) | 0.025 | |
| ≥10years | 50 (70%) | 46 (53%) | ||
| Diabetes | 20 (27%) | 27 (30%) | 0.60 | |
| Hypertension | 40 (55%) | 47 (53%) | 0.80 | |
| Depressive symptoms (mean, SD) (range 0–24) | 4.2 (4.4) | 2.4 (3.2) | 0.004 | |
| Traditionalist | 7 (12%) | 31 (37%) | <0.001 | |
| Integrationist | 52 (88%) | 53 (63%) | ||
| Low | 22 (31%) | 35 (40%) | 0.25 | |
| High | 48 (69%) | 52 (60%) | ||
| Physical function (mean, SD) (range 22.1–61.9) | 48.5 (6.1) | 41.6 (8.3) | <0.001 | |