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. 2021 Jun 8;15:664641. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.664641

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Copyright © 2021 Xu, Wang, Cao, Li, Zhou, Ren and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A significant difference for hippocampal Iba-1 levels was observed between control and surgical mice. Surgical trauma, anesthesia, and fecal microbiota transplantation enhanced Iba-1 expression and SCFA pretreatment partially reversed this change on postoperative day 3. (A) Representative images of Iba-1-labeled activated microglia in the hippocampus. (B) The IOD of Iba-1 in the hippocampus. The results are represented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. the day-matched control group, **p < 0.001 vs. the day-matched control group, ^#p < 0.05 vs. the day-matched surgery group. P3 and P7: postoperative or post-transplantation days 3 and 7, respectively. Scale bars: 200 px.