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. 2021 Jun 8;15:664641. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.664641

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Copyright © 2021 Xu, Wang, Cao, Li, Zhou, Ren and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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BDNF protein expression was significantly downregulated following surgery procedure and fecal microbiota transplantation compared with the nonsurgical control group on postoperative or post-transplantation day 3. Exogenous SCFA administration before surgery significantly upregulated the levels of BDNF compared with the surgery group on postoperative days 3 and 7. (A) The level of hippocampal BDNF on postoperative or post-transplantation day 3. (B) The level of hippocampal BDNF on postoperative or post-transplantation day 7. The results are represented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. the day-matched control group, **p < 0.001 vs. the day-matched control group, ^#p < 0.05 vs. the day-matched surgery group. P3 and P7: postoperative or post-transplantation days 3 and 7, respectively.