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. 2021 Jun 21;11:12924. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92345-2

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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IHZ attenuates insulin resistance, inflammation & fibrosis via inhibition of JNK in skeletal muscle tissue of diabetic rats. (a.i,b) PKR expression levels in skeletal muscle as detected by immunohistochemistry. (a.ii,c) Picro-Sirius red staining was done to assess the extent of fibrosis and collagen deposition. (a.iii) H&E staining was done to observe changes in tissue morphology after treatment (d–f) Western blots showing the levels of PKR and JNK and their quantitative data. β-actin was used as loading control. (g) mRNA levels of GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle as assessed by qRT-PCR. (h) mRNA levels of IRS-1 in skeletal muscle as assessed by qRT-PCR. Data is presented as mean ± SD of n = 3 animals for each group. At the end of 6th week, rats were sacrificed and tissues were isolated. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control group; %P < 0.05, %%P < 0.01, %%%P < 0.001 vs HF + STZ group.