Fig. 1. Hexokinase promotes hypocotyl elongation.

a–d Seedlings were grown under long-day (16 h light/8 h dark), white-light (40 µmolm⁻² s⁻¹) conditions for 7 days. a Representative images of 7-day-old 35SHXK seedlings. Bar = 2 mm. b Hypocotyl lengths of 35SHXK seedlings grown with and without 1% sucrose. Data from two independent lines (#31, #43) are shown. c Hypocotyl lengths of 35SHXK seedlings treated with increasing concentrations of sucrose. d Hypocotyl lengths of 35SHXK, 35SFRK1 and 35SFRK2 seedlings grown with and without 1% sucrose. b–d The box plots extend from the first to third quartiles and the whiskers extend from the minimum to the maximum levels. Lines within the boxes signify median values and light gray dots represent individual data points (n = 55–70 for b; n = 20–30 for c; n = 15–25 for d). Different lower-case and capital letters indicate significant differences (Tukey’s HSD test, P < 0.05). Asterisks indicate significant differences between the compared treatments (t test, P < 0.05).