SLDS reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed microglial activation in LPS induced primary microglia. (A) The cell viability with SLDS (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM) alone [F(3,12) = 1.524, P = 0.2588] in primary microglia; (B) The cell viability with SLDS (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM) and LPS 1 μg/ml [F(4,31) = 0.6963, P = 0.6003] in primary microglia; (C) mRNA levels of IL-1β [F(2,9) = 17.54, P= 0.0008], IL-6 [F(2,9) = 25.80, P = 0.0002], IL-18 [F(2,9) = 8.516, P = 0.0084] and TNF-α [F(2,9) = 81.80, P < 0.0001] in primary microglia (n = 4); (D) The secretion levels of IL-1β [F(2,21) = 57.51, P = < 0.0001], IL-6 [F(2,21) = 19.17, P < 0.0001], IL-18 [F(2,21) = 21.64, P < 0.0001] and TNF-α [F(2,21) = 23.71, P < 0.0001] in primary microglia (n = 4); (E) P-ERK1/2 [F(2,15) = 72.91, P < 0.0001] in primary microglia; (F) P-p38 MAPK [F(2,12) = 17.38, P = 0.0003] in primary microglia; (G) P-p65 NF-κB [F(2,9) = 86.64, P < 0.0001] in primary microglia; (H) iNOS expression [F(2,11) = 12.46, P = 0.0015] in primary microglia. All data are presented as mean ± SD. ** P <0.01, ***P <0.005, compare to control group; # P < 0.05 ## P <0.01 ###P < 0.005, compare to LPS treated group.