Table 2.

Comparison between PKDL in the two main endemic regions in the Old World.

Geographic region	East Africa	South Asia
Countries affected	Mostly Sudan, but also Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda	India, Nepal and Bangladesh
Most common dermal manifestations	Macular	Polymorphic and macular
Incidence within VL patients	50-60%	5-10%
Time of appearance after VL	1 year after treatment or concomitant	2-3 years after treatment
Self-healing lesions	Yes (within 1 year)	No
Parasitic burden in lesions	Lower	Higher
Cell infiltrate	Scarce and patchy	Dense and diffuse

PKDL, Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis; VL, Visceral Leishmaniasis.