Table E2.
Ring and Messmer grading for allergic reactionsE2
| Grade 1: Cutaneous signs |
| Urticaria |
| Angioedema |
| Generalized erythema |
| Grade 2: Measurable but not life-threatening symptoms |
| Cutaneous signs |
| Hypotension (defined as a decrease of more than 30% in blood pressure with tachycardia) |
| Cough |
| Difficulty with mechanical ventilation |
| Grade 3: Life-threatening symptoms |
| Cardiovascular collapse |
| Tachycardia or bradycardia (due not include mild sinus tachycardia) |
| Arrhythmias |
| Severe bronchospasm |
| Grade 4: Death |
| Cardiac arrest |
| Respiratory arrest |