Table 1.
Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the study participants and unadjusted odds ratios for their association with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity
| Variable | Number | (%) | Odds ratio (95%CI) | P-valued |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 615 | (100) | ||
| Age in years | ||||
| <40 | 363 | (59.0) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| ≥40 | 249 | (40.5) | 0.89 (0.63–1.27) | 0.531 |
| Missing | 3 | (0.5) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 437 | (71.0) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Male | 156 | (25.4) | 1.24 (0.84–1.82) | 0.279 |
| Missing | 22 | (3.6) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 395 | (64.2) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Asian | 117 | (19.0) | 1.01 (0.65–1.58) | 0.961 |
| Black | 55 | (8.9) | 0.78 (0.42–1.46) | 0.437 |
| Mixed | 28 | (4.6) | 0.57 (0.23–1.40) | 0.222 |
| Other | 19 | (3.1) | 1.31 (0.49–3.46) | 0.592 |
| Missing | 1 | (0.2) | ||
| Household size, people | ||||
| ≤2 | 346 | (55.3) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| >2 | 256 | (41.6) | 1.12 (0.79–1.59) | 0.527 |
| Missing | 13 | (2.1) | ||
| Pre-illness household contact with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 casea | ||||
| No | 505 | (84.9) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Yes | 90 | (15.1) | 1.19 (0.76–1.87) | 0.451 |
| Hospital | ||||
| Chelsea and Westminster | 469 | 76.3 | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| West Middlesex | 119 | 19.3 | 1.30 (0.85–1.99) | 0.224 |
| Both | 27 | 4.4 | 1.25 (0.52–2.91) | 0.611 |
| Profession | ||||
| Nurse | 216 | (35.1) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Doctor | 150 | (24.4) | 1.44 (0.92–2.24) | 0.109 |
| Allied and health science | 97 | (15.8) | 1.02 (0.60–1.71) | 0.954 |
| Other | 152 | (24.7) | 1.51 (0.95–2.40) | 0.080 |
| Type of transport to work | ||||
| Public | 171 | (27.8) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Private | 287 | (46.7) | 1.30 (0.86–1.97) | 0.214 |
| Both | 147 | (23.9) | 1.33 (0.82–2.16) | 0.242 |
| Missing | 10 | (1.6) | ||
| Total travel duration to work, minutes (singe way) | ||||
| ≤15 | 289 | (47.0) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| >15 | 315 | (51.2) | 1.00 (0.71–1.42) | 0.988 |
| Missing | 11 | (1.8) | ||
| Frontline exposure grade (main exposure) | ||||
| Non-frontline | 168 | (27.3) | 1.00 (Ref) | |
| Frontline (all Grades) | 446 | (72.5) | 0.99 (0.66–1.48) | 0.961 |
| Grade 1 | 51 | 1.17 (0.60–2.29) | 0.638 | |
| Grade 2 | 105 | 0.84 (0.49–1.46) | 0.546 | |
| Grade 3 | 158 | 0.73 (0.45–1.19) | 0.211 | |
| Grade 4 | 105 | 1.34 (0.79–2.26) | 0.276 | |
| Grade 5 | 27 | 1.89 (0.82–4.35) | 0.136 | |
| Missing | 1 | (0.2) | ||
| Had suspected/confirmed unit staff COVID-19 contact | ||||
| Yes | 546 | (88.8) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| No | 43 | (7.0) | 1.67 (0.82–3.38) | 0.155 |
| Missing | 26 | (4.2) | ||
| Had COVID-19 focussed IPC trainingb | ||||
| Yes | 411 | (66.8) | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| No | 179 | (29.1) | 1.24 (0.85–1.81) | 0.255 |
| Missing | 25 | (4.1) | ||
| Frequency of use of appropriate PPEc | ||||
| Always | 515 | (83.7) | 1.00 | |
| Not always | 76 | (12.4) | 1.73 (1.04–2.84) | 0.028 |
| Missing | 24 | (3.9) | ||
^ is for confidence interval.
a
COVID-19 – Coronavirus Disease-2019
b
IPC– Infection Prevention & Control.
c
PPE-Personal Protective Equipment.
d
From Wald's Test.