Table 2.
Pre ECMO patients' general characteristics, condition, and 24 h post ECMO initiation by type of center
| Patients’ characteristics | All patients (n = 307) | Established (n = 229) | New (n = 78) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristic | ||||
| Age (years) | 45 (37–52) | 46 (38–54) | 42 (33–51) | 0.0266 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 248 (81) | 194 (84.7) | 54 (69.2) | 0.0027 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 28.6 (25.4–33.3) | 29 (25.5–33.2) | 27.8 (24.8–33.7) | 0.743 |
| Murray Score | 3.5 (3.4–3.7) | 3.5 (3.3–3.6) | 3.6 (3.5–3.7) | 0.0107 |
| SOFA Score | 12 (9–14) | 12 (8–14) | 12 (10–13) | 0.0997 |
| Retrieval, n (%) | 96 (31.3) | 85 (37.1) | 11 (14.1) | 0.0002 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
| DM | 98 (31.9) | 71 (31) | 27 (34.6) | 0.555 |
| HTN | 47 (15.3) | 36 (15.7) | 11 (14.1) | 0.732 |
| COPD or asthma | 18 (5.9) | 16 (7) | 2 (2.6) | 0.261 |
| IHD | 8 (2.6) | 5 (2.2) | 3 (3.8) | 0.424 |
| Pre ECMO patient condition | ||||
| Pre ECMO-intubation days | 2.5 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | 3 (2–6) | 0.315 |
| Ventilator settings | ||||
| PIP (cmH2O) | 36 (34–43) | 36 (34–45) | 35 (35–40) | 0.0615 |
| Plateau Pressure (cmH2O) | 32 (30–35) | 32 (30–35) | 31 (28–33) | 0.574 |
| PEEP (cmH2O) | 13 (10.5–15) | 12 (10–14) | 15 (14–18) | < 0.001 |
| Driving Pressure (cmH2O) | 20 (17–23) | 20 (18–23) | 17 (16–20) | 0.242 |
| Static Compliance | 19.5 (15.2–22.8) | 19 (15.8–22) | 24 (17.2–24) | 0.271 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 58 (47–68) | 55 (45–62) | 68 (60–83) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2/ FiO2 (mmHg) | 60 (52–68) | 60 (52–68) | 62 (53–70) | 0.003 |
| HR | 103 (88–116) | 103 (88–112) | 109 (89–120) | 0.6 |
| MAP | 78 (69–82) | 78 (69–82) | 75.5 (69–82) | 0.689 |
| Vasopressors, n (%) | 179 (58.3) | 124 (54.1) | 55 (70.5) | 0.011 |
| Prone, n (%) | 160 (52.1) | 112 (48.9) | 48 (61.5) | 0.0538 |
| 24 h post ECMO initiation | ||||
| PIP (cmH2O) | 30 (25–34) | 30 (25–34) | 30 (25–33) | 0.79 |
| Plateau pressure (cmH2O) | 27 (23–30) | 27 (23–30) | 27 (23–30) | 0.966 |
| Driving pressure (cmH2O) | 19 (14–20) | 18.5 (14–21) | 19 (14–20) | 0.402 |
| Static compliance | 16.4 (9.7–22.8) | 16.2 (9.1–22.5) | 16.9 (12–23.7) | 0.581 |
| Tidal volume ((ml/kg)) | 3.36 (2.25–4.5) | 3.46 (2.27–4.62) | 3.3 (2.08–4.25) | 0.486 |
| PEEP (cmH2O) | 8 (8–10) | 8 (8–10) | 10 (8–10) | 0.145 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 48.2 (43–54) | 48.2 (43–54) | 48.6 (42.1–54) | 0.846 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 154 (111–200) | 152 (102–188) | 156 (112–222) | 0.598 |
| HR | 100 (84–116) | 100 (85–114) | 100 (84–117) | 0.858 |
| MAP | 75 (64–82) | 75 (64–82) | 73.5 (64.8–86) | 0.897 |
Data are median (IQR) unless specified otherwise
HFNC high flow nasal cannula, MV mechanical ventilation, NIV non-invasive ventilation, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, PC pressure control, PCV pressure control ventilation, VC volume control, PRVC pressure-regulated volume control, PIP peak inspiratory pressure, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, PaO2 partial pressure of oxygen, PaCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide, P/F ratio PaO2/FiO2, HR heart rate, MAP mean arterial pressure, BMI body mass index, BSA body surface area, SOFA score sequential organ failure assessment score, DM diabetes mellitus, HTN hypertension, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IHD ischemic heart disease, ECCO2r extra corporeal CO2 removal