TABLE 4.

Examples of genes targeted by siRNA used to understand osteogenesis.

siRNA targeted gene	Finding	Study
S100A4	Silencing it induce osteogenic differentiation in periodontal ligament cells, via increase expression of osteoblastic markers (osteopontin and osteocalcin).	Kato et al. (2004)
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit 1 (GNAS1)	Osteogenesis suppressor in MSCs, expression induction was detected by qRT-PCR and western blots of osteogenesis markers such as bone-specific sialoprotein (BSP), Cbfa1 and Osx.	Zhao and Ding (2007)
Nogging (NOG)	BMP2 expression increases causing induced osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells, and enhance calvarial bone defects in rats.	Takayama et al. (2009); Nguyen et al. (2018)
NOG and GNAS	A high dose of BMP2, NOG, and GNAS delivery increased the cell death of human fetal osteoblast cell line (hFOB1.19) to more than 90% and the 50% less of cell proliferation comparing to the control.	Ramasubramanian et al. (2015)