Table 1.
Demographic and preoperative details of enrolled patients in both groups
| Characteristic | Group R (n=30) | Group RD (n=30) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 41.667±13.283 | 39.867±12.859 | 0.596 |
| Sex | 0.584 | ||
| Female | 11 | 9 | |
| Male | 19 | 21 | |
| Weight (kg) | 68.167±10.062 | 68.733±8.370 | 0.813 |
| Height (cm) | 167.2±6.984 | 169.5±6.902 | 0.205 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.443±3.824 | 24.068±3.852 | 0.707 |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists status | 0.398 | ||
| I | 11 | 8 | |
| II | 15 | 14 | |
| III | 4 | 8 | |
| Baseline laboratory parameters | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.69±1.627 | 12.22±1.359 | 0.230 |
| Platelets (lacs) | 2.653±0.857 | 2.556±0.775 | 0.650 |
| Total leukocyte count (/mL) | 7,486.66±1,800 | 6,883.33±1,754 | 0.194 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.147±0.091 | 1.149±0.094 | 0.912 |
| Prothrombin time index | 88.23±5.91 | 88.03±5.24 | 0.890 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 22.33±6.603 | 23.23±5.781 | 0.577 |
| Creatinine | 0.870±0.139 | 0.857±0.14 | 0.714 |
| Preoperative diagnosis | |||
| Vertebral fracture | 15 (50) | 15 (50) | |
| Cauda equina syndrome | 12 (40) | 10 (33) | |
| Canal stenosis | 2 (6.6) | 3 (10) | |
| Spondylolisthesis | 0 | 1 (3.3) | |
| Prolapsed intervertebral disk | 1 (3.3) | 0 | |
| Compression myelopathy | 1 (3.3) | 0 | |
| Duration of surgery (min) | 250.00±50.990 | 249.833±37.335 | 0.989 |
| Duration of anesthesia (min) | 329.66±70.612 | 316.33±41.852 | 0.377 |
| Baseline systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 137.20±15.949 | 139.40±16.684 | 0.604 |
| Baseline diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 77.30±9.154 | 73.80±9.323 | 0.148 |
| Baseline mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 97.26±6.538 | 95.66±6.824 | 0.358 |
| Baseline heart rate (/min) | 90.26±6.039 | 88.16±5.669 | 0.170 |
| Baseline peripheral oxygen saturation (%) | 99.00±0.742 | 99.16±0.833 | 0.417 |
| Baseline Visual Analog Scale score | 6.73±0.784 | 6.43±0.858 | 0.163 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). R group: epidural ropivacaine only; RD group: epidural ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine.