Table 1.
Article information
| Author (year) | Study design | Sample size | Mean age (yr) | Male:female | Mode of treatment | Mean follow-up (mo) | Main variables | Functional outcome assessment | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singh et al. [2] (2017) | Retrospective | 60 | 49.7 | 26:34 | Surgery: posterior transpedicular approach | 12 | AIS; pain | ODI | Significant ODI improvement (p<0.05) |
| Sun et al. [7] (2013) | Prospective | 14 | 34.3 | 5:9 | Surgical: one-stage posterior approach | 39.3 | Frankel; pain; kyphotic angle | ODI | Significant ODI improvement (p<0.001) |
| Gao et al. [10] (2017) | Prospective | 58 | 41 | 29:29 | Surgery: titanium mesh vs. autogenous iliac bone graft | 35.5 | Frankel; kyphotic angle; intervertebral height; ESR and CRP | ODI | No significant difference in ODI between two surgical approaches (p=0.728) |
| Ran et al. [8] (2016) | Retrospective | 24 | 50.8 | 15:9 | Surgery: one-stage posterior approach and combined interbody and posterior fusion | 19 | AIS; pain; kyphotic angle; ESR | ODI | Significant ODI improvement (p<0.05) |
| Omran and Abdel-Fattah [9] (2019) | Retrospective | 35 | 37.5 | 20:15 | Surgery: posterior extensive circumferential decompressive reconstructive technique | 36 | AIS; pain; kyphotic angle; estimated blood loss; fusion time | ODI | Significant ODI improvement (p<0.001) |
| Zhu et al. [29] (2017) | Retrospective | 17 | 30.5 | 8:9 | Surgery: posterior open-window focal debridement and joint fusion | 36 | Pain; Kim’s classification; ESR | ODI | Significant ODI improvement (p<0.001) |
| Xing et al. [11] (2016) | Retrospective | 11 | 40.4 | 7:4 | Surgery: anterior cervical retropharyngeal debridement combined with occipital cervical fusion | 39.2 | Pain; JOA; blood loss; operation time | JOA | Significant JOA improvement (p<0.05) |
| Liu et al. [12] (2012) | Retrospective | 12 | 30 | 7:5 | Surgery: anterior debridement, corpectomy and fixation with iliac crest grafts or titanium cage | 25.17 | Pain; kyphotic angle; blood loss; operation time; postop hospital stay | JOA | Significant JOA improvement after surgery via this method (p<0.05) |
| Li et al. [23] (2017) | Retrospective | 23 | 49 | 12:11 | Surgery: posterior intervertebral space debridement, annular bone grafting and instrumentation | 34.2 | AIS; pain; kyphotic angle; ESR and CRP; blood loss; operation time | SF-36 | All domains of SF-36 showed significant improvement (p<0.05) |
| Li et al. [13] (2019) | Retrospective | 42 | 69.09 | 22:20 | Surgery: posterior versus anterior approach | 23.21 | AIS; pain; kyphotic angle; ESR and CRP; albumin levels; complications | ODI | No significant difference in ODI between two surgical approaches (p=0.15) |
| Wu et al. [14] (2018) | Retrospective | 394 | 35.18 | 208:186 | Surgery: posterior fixation vs anterior fixation | 37 | AIS; pain; kyphotic angle; ESR | ODI | Significant ODI improvement after surgery via both methods. (p<0.05) while there is no significant difference between the two methods. |
| Omran et al. [25] (2017) | Retrospective | 45 | 32.5 | 20:25 | Surgery: lateral extracavitary approach vs. posterior extensive circumferential decompression | 36 | AIS; pain; kyphotic angle; blood loss; operation time; postop hospital stay | ODI | Significant improvement in ODI scores after surgery via both methods (p<0.001) but no significant difference between two surgical approaches |
| Kandwal et al. [15] (2012) | Prospective | 23 | 38.2 | 22:16 | Surgery: minimally invasive surgery via VATS | 36 | Frankel; Eck and Bridwell criteria | ODI | Significant ODI improvement (p<0.05) |
| Bhandari et al. [16] (2014) | Prospective | 38 | 32.8 | 15:23 | Conservative | 18 | Clinical characteristic (including motor and sensory deficits, bladder involvement, spasticity) | MBI | Significant improvement of MBI scores in patients with following characteristics: (1) duration of symptoms <3 months (p=0.001); (2) minor motor deficits (p=0.02); (3) no bladder involvement (p=0.01); (4) no flexor spasms (p=0.01); (5) no spinal cord compression (p=0.003); (6) no spinal extension (p=0.003) |
| Garg et al. [17] (2013) | Prospective | 70 | 40.77 | 40:30 | Conservative | 6 | Modified Rankin Scale; clinical characteristics; neuroimaging results (i.e., kyphotic angle, vertebral height, disc space, etc.); histopathological picture | MBI | Significant worsening of MBI scores in patients with: (1) illness duration >6 months; (2) bladder involvement; (3) spinal deformity; (4) abnormal tone; (5) lower limb muscle power <4; (6) thoracic spine involvement; (7) more than two vertebral segments involvement; (8) spasticity; (9) vertebral collapse; (10) cord compression; (11) abscess; (12) MBI <12 at admission (all p-values <0.001) |
| Shetty et al. [18] (2019) | Retrospective | 63 | 45.9 | 35:28 | Conservative vs. surgery | 43.1 | Frankel; pain; ESR and CRP; vertebral height loss; global lumbar lordosis; bone healing time | ODI | Significant negative correlation between lumbar lordosis and ODI score (r=-0.867, p<0.001) |
| Qu et al. [19] (2015) | Retrospective | 115 | 47 | 68:47 | Conservative vs. surgery | 14.4 | Pain; Kaplan-Meier curves of the neurologic recovery | JOA | No significant difference in JOA improvement between conservative and surgical management in uncomplicated cases (p=0.14) |
| Toulgui et al. [21] (2016) | Retrospective | 24 | 46.7 | Inpatient rehabilitation | 24 | Impairment type; muscle strength recovery; bladder and sphincter disorder | FIM | Significant FIM improvement after postoperative inpatient rehabilitation (p<0.05) | |
| Zaoui et al. [20] (2012) | Retrospective | 9 | 43.8 | 5:4 | Inpatient rehabilitation | 47 days | AIS; neuroimaging results; histopathological picture | FIM | Significant FIM improvement after inpatient rehabilitation (p<0.05) |
AIS, American Society of Spinal Cord Injury Impairment Scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein levels; JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score; SF-36, 36-item Short-Form Health Survey; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; MBI, modified Barthel Index; FIM, Functional Independence Measure.