Table 1.
Pertussis vaccine uptake by social characteristics among pregnant women in England, 2012–2015
| Total (column %) |
Received pertussis vaccine unadjusted coverage (row %) | Minimally adjusted for year ‘minimally adjusted’ OR (95% CI) | Model 1 additionally adjusted for IMD, region and ethnicity OR (95% CI) | Model 2 additionally adjusted for maternal age OR (95% CI) | Model 3 additionally adjusted for number of children ‘fully adjusted’ OR (95% CI) | |
| Year | ||||||
| 2012 | 6717 (10.7) | 3809 (56.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2013 | 24 657 (39.4) | 16 749 (67.9) | 1.62 (1.53 to 1.71) | 1.66 (1.57 to 1.75) | 1.66 (1.57 to 1.75) | 1.69 (1.60 to 1.79) |
| 2014 | 20 148 (32.2) | 13 638 (67.7) | 1.60 (1.51 to 1.69) | 1.63 (1.54 to 1.73) | 1.63 (1.54 to 1.73) | 1.66 (1.57 to 1.76) |
| 2015 | 11 015 (17.6) | 7903 (71.7) | 1.94 (1.82 to 2.07) | 2.00 (1.87 to 2.13) | 2.00 (1.87 to 2.13) | 2.03 (1.90 to 2.17) |
| Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) quintile | ||||||
| Least deprived | 13 285 (21.2) | 10 090 (76.0) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 11 335 (18.1) | 8064 (71.1) | 0.78 (0.74 to 0.83) | 0.79 (0.74 to 0.83) | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.85) | 0.81 (0.76 to 0.86) |
| 3 | 12 933 (20.7) | 8807 (68.1) | 0.68 (0.64 to 0.71) | 0.68 (0.64 to 0.72) | 0.70 (0.66 to 0.74) | 0.73 (0.69 to 0.77) |
| 4 | 12 973 (20.7) | 8205 (63.2) | 0.54 (0.52 to 0.57) | 0.56 (0.53 to 0.59) | 0.59 (0.56 to 0.62) | 0.64 (0.60 to 0.67) |
| Most deprived | 12 011 (19.2) | 6933 (57.7) | 0.43 (0.41 to 0.46) | 0.45 (0.42 to 0.47) | 0.48 (0.45 to 0.51) | 0.54 (0.51 to 0.57) |
| Region | ||||||
| London | 11 894 (19.0) | 7239 (60.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| North East | 1185 (1.9) | 687 (58.0) | 0.91 (0.81 to 1.03) | 0.96 (0.85 to 1.09) | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.13) | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.19) |
| North West | 8835 (14.1) | 5873 (66.5) | 1.29 (1.22 to 1.36) | 1.28 (1.20 to 1.35) | 1.30 (1.22 to 1.38) | 1.36 (1.27 to 1.44) |
| Yorkshire and The Humber | 1000 (1.6) | 699 (69.9) | 1.51 (1.31 to 1.74) | 1.46 (1.27 to 1.69) | 1.51 (1.30 to 1.74) | 1.54 (1.33 to 1.79) |
| East Midlands | 326 (0.5) | 243 (74.5) | 2.18 (1.69 to 2.81) | 2.24 (1.73 to 2.90) | 2.30 (1.78 to 2.98) | 2.38 (1.84 to 3.09) |
| West Midlands | 7050 (11.3) | 5046 (71.6) | 1.64 (1.54 to 1.75) | 1.58 (1.48 to 1.69) | 1.62 (1.52 to 1.73) | 1.72 (1.61 to 1.84) |
| East of England | 5568 (8.9) | 4058 (72.9) | 1.75 (1.63 to 1.88) | 1.50 (1.40 to 1.61) | 1.52 (1.41 to 1.63) | 1.57 (1.46 to 1.69) |
| South West | 7002 (11.2) | 4800 (68.6) | 1.43 (1.34 to 1.52) | 1.32 (1.24 to 1.41) | 1.35 (1.26 to 1.44) | 1.43 (1.33 to 1.52) |
| South Central | 10 381 (16.6) | 7185 (69.2) | 1.45 (1.37 to 1.53) | 1.19 (1.12 to 1.26) | 1.21 (1.15 to 1.29) | 1.28 (1.21 to 1.36) |
| South East Coast | 9296 (14.9) | 6269 (67.4) | 1.33 (1.26 to 1.41) | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.17) | 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19) | 1.19 (1.12 to 1.26) |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 52 598 (84.1) | 36 272 (69.0) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| South Asian | 4692 (7.5) | 2951 (62.9) | 0.76 (0.71 to 0.81) | 0.83 (0.78 to 0.88) | 0.79 (0.74 to 0.85) | 0.83 (0.78 to 0.88) |
| Black | 2583 (4.1) | 1294 (50.1) | 0.45 (0.41 to 0.48) | 0.58 (0.54 to 0.64) | 0.56 (0.52 to 0.61) | 0.61 (0.56 to 0.67) |
| Mixed | 922 (1.5) | 549 (59.5) | 0.65 (0.57 to 0.74) | 0.72 (0.63 to 0.82) | 0.71 (0.62 to 0.82) | 0.72 (0.63 to 0.83) |
| Other | 1742 (2.8) | 1033 (59.3) | 0.65 (0.59 to 0.72) | 0.73 (0.66 to 0.80) | 0.70 (0.63 to 0.77) | 0.68 (0.62 to 0.75) |
| Maternal age, years | ||||||
| <20 | 2079 (3.3) | 1153 (55.5) | 0.79 (0.72 to 0.87) | 0.80 (0.73 to 0.89) | 0.81 (0.73 to 0.89) | |
| 20–24 | 8848 (14.1) | 5416 (61.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 25–29 | 16 696 (26.7) | 11 166 (66.9) | 1.27 (1.21 to 1.34) | 1.24 (1.18 to 1.31) | 1.29 (1.22 to 1.36) | |
| 30–35 | 20 294 (32.5) | 14 376 (70.8) | 1.54 (1.46 to 1.62) | 1.43 (1.35 to 1.51) | 1.55 (1.47 to 1.64) | |
| ≥35 | 14 620 (23.4) | 9988 (68.3) | 1.36 (1.29 to 1.44) | 1.25 (1.18 to 1.32) | 1.42 (1.34 to 1.51) | |
| Number of children | ||||||
| 0 | 26 622 (42.6) | 19 814 (74.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 22 132 (35.4) | 14 673 (66.3) | 0.67 (0.65 to 0.70) | 0.65 (0.63 to 0.68) | ||
| 2 | 8645 (13.8) | 5009 (57.9) | 0.47 (0.45 to 0.49) | 0.47 (0.45 to 0.50) | ||
| ≥3 | 5138 (8.2) | 2603 (50.7) | 0.35 (0.33 to 0.37) | 0.37 (0.35 to 0.40) | ||
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||||||
| <18.5 underweight | 2063 (3.3) | 1265 (61.3) | 0.71 (0.64 to 0.77) | |||
| 18.5–24.9 | 29 045 (46.4) | 20 095 (69.2) | 1 | |||
| 25.0–29.9 overweight | 14 211 (22.7) | 9852 (69.3) | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.05) | |||
| ≥30 obese | 10 552 (16.9) | 6833 (64.8) | 0.82 (0.78 to 0.86) | |||
| Missing | 6666 (10.7) | 4054 (60.8) | ||||
N=62 537 from 402 practices. Overall vaccine uptake 42 099 (67.3%).
All models include women who registered before the end of the first trimester and delivered a live or stillborn child on or after 26 weeks of pregnancy and exclude those with missing ethnicity; minimally adjusted model of BMI additionally excludes 6666 women with missing BMI.