Table 2.
Influenza vaccine uptake by social characteristics among pregnant women in England, 2010/2011–2015/2016
| Total (column %) |
Received influenza vaccine unadjusted coverage (row %) |
Minimally adjusted for year ‘minimally adjusted’ OR (95% CI) |
Model 1 additionally adjusted for IMD, region and ethnicity OR (95% CI) |
Model 2 additionally adjusted for maternal age OR (95% CI) |
Model 3 additionally adjusted for number of children OR (95% CI) |
Model 4 additionally adjusted for clinical risk group ‘fully adjusted’ OR (95% CI) |
|
| Season | |||||||
| 2010 | 34 373 (24.5) | 11 703 (34.0) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2011 | 32 258 (23.0) | 10 151 (31.5) | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.92) | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.92) | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.92) | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.92) | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.92) |
| 2012 | 26 750 (19.1) | 12 236 (45.7) | 1.63 (1.58 to 1.69) | 1.66 (1.61 to 1.72) | 1.66 (1.61 to 1.72) | 1.64 (1.59 to 1.70) | 1.65 (1.60 to 1.71) |
| 2013 | 21 029 (15.0) | 8815 (41.9) | 1.40 (1.35 to 1.45) | 1.43 (1.38 to 1.48) | 1.42 (1.37 to 1.47) | 1.39 (1.35 to 1.45) | 1.40 (1.35 to 1.45) |
| 2014 | 15 712 (11.2) | 7319 (46.6) | 1.69 (1.63 to 1.76) | 1.74 (1.67 to 1.80) | 1.73 (1.67 to 1.80) | 1.69 (1.63 to 1.76) | 1.70 (1.63 to 1.76) |
| 2015 | 10 019 (7.1) | 4613 (46.0) | 1.65 (1.58 to 1.73) | 1.72 (1.65 to 1.80) | 1.72 (1.64 to 1.80) | 1.68 (1.60 to 1.76) | 1.68 (1.60 to 1.76) |
| Index of multiple deprivation (IMD) quintile | |||||||
| Least deprived | 28 956 (20.7) | 12 744 (44.0) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 25 424 (18.1) | 10 533 (41.4) | 0.90 (0.87 to 0.93) | 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.95) | 0.93 (0.89 to 0.96) | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.95) |
| 3 | 29 368 (21.0) | 11 670 (39.7) | 0.84 (0.81 to 0.86) | 0.84 (0.82 to 0.87) | 0.86 (0.83 to 0.89) | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.91) | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.91) |
| 4 | 28 520 (20.4) | 10 278 (36.0) | 0.71 (0.69 to 0.74) | 0.72 (0.69 to 0.74) | 0.74 (0.71 to 0.77) | 0.77 (0.74 to 0.79) | 0.76 (0.74 to 0.79) |
| Most deprived | 27 873 (19.9) | 9612 (34.5) | 0.67 (0.65 to 0.70) | 0.66 (0.64 to 0.68) | 0.69 (0.66 to 0.71) | 0.73 (0.70 to 0.76) | 0.72 (0.70 to 0.75) |
| Region | |||||||
| London | 26 171 (18.7) | 9146 (34.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| North East | 2758 (2.0) | 989 (35.9) | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21) | 1.16 (1.07 to 1.27) | 1.19 (1.09 to 1.29) | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.31) | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.31) |
| North West | 19 060 (13.6) | 7870 (41.3) | 1.37 (1.32 to 1.42) | 1.39 (1.33 to 1.45) | 1.40 (1.35 to 1.46) | 1.43 (1.37 to 1.49) | 1.42 (1.36 to 1.47) |
| Yorkshire and The Humber | 2840 (2.0) | 1090 (38.4) | 1.27 (1.18 to 1.38) | 1.24 (1.15 to 1.35) | 1.26 (1.16 to 1.37) | 1.26 (1.16 to 1.37) | 1.26 (1.16 to 1.37) |
| East Midlands | 1940 (1.4) | 717 (37.0) | 1.33 (1.21 to 1.47) | 1.37 (1.24 to 1.51) | 1.39 (1.26 to 1.53) | 1.41 (1.27 to 1.55) | 1.40 (1.27 to 1.55) |
| West Midlands | 15 846 (11.3) | 6692 (42.2) | 1.41 (1.35 to 1.46) | 1.40 (1.34 to 1.46) | 1.41 (1.36 to 1.47) | 1.44 (1.38 to 1.51) | 1.43 (1.37 to 1.49) |
| East of England | 13 695 (9.8) | 5468 (39.9) | 1.31 (1.26 to 1.37) | 1.23 (1.18 to 1.29) | 1.24 (1.19 to 1.29) | 1.25 (1.20 to 1.31) | 1.24 (1.19 to 1.30) |
| South West | 16 546 (11.8) | 6504 (39.3) | 1.25 (1.20 to 1.31) | 1.22 (1.17 to 1.28) | 1.24 (1.19 to 1.29) | 1.27 (1.21 to 1.32) | 1.25 (1.20 to 1.31) |
| South Central | 21 435 (15.3) | 9125 (42.6) | 1.42 (1.36 to 1.47) | 1.30 (1.25 to 1.35) | 1.31 (1.26 to 1.36) | 1.34 (1.29 to 1.39) | 1.33 (1.28 to 1.38) |
| South East Coast | 19 850 (14.2) | 7236 (36.5) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.10) | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.06) | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.06) |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 117 469 (83.8) | 46 781 (39.8) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| South Asian | 10 827 (7.7) | 4103 (37.9) | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.95) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.02) | 0.96 (0.92 to 1.00) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.02) | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) |
| Black | 5853 (4.2) | 1837 (31.4) | 0.67 (0.64 to 0.71) | 0.81 (0.76 to 0.86) | 0.80 (0.75 to 0.85) | 0.83 (0.78 to 0.88) | 0.83 (0.78 to 0.88) |
| Mixed | 2094 (1.5) | 757 (36.2) | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92) | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99) | 0.90 (0.82 to 0.99) | 0.91 (0.83 to 0.99) | 0.91 (0.83 to 0.99) |
| Other | 3898 (2.8) | 1359 (34.9) | 0.79 (0.73 to 0.84) | 0.85 (0.80 to 0.91) | 0.84 (0.78 to 0.90) | 0.83 (0.78 to 0.89) | 0.85 (0.79 to 0.91) |
| Maternal age, years | |||||||
| <20 | 5536 (4.0) | 1817 (32.8) | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.92) | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) | 0.87 (0.82 to 0.93) | |
| 20–24 | 21 663 (15.5) | 7797 (36.0) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 25–29 | 37 985 (27.1) | 14 827 (39.0) | 1.13 (1.09 to 1.17) | 1.11 (1.07 to 1.15) | 1.12 (1.09 to 1.16) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.16) | |
| 30–35 | 43 777 (31.2) | 17 950 (41.0) | 1.22 (1.18 to 1.26) | 1.18 (1.14 to 1.22) | 1.21 (1.17 to 1.26) | 1.21 (1.17 to 1.25) | |
| ≥35 | 31 180 (22.2) | 12 446 (39.9) | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.21) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.16) | 1.19 (1.15 to 1.24) | 1.18 (1.13 to 1.22) | |
| Number of children | |||||||
| 0 | 66 112 (47.2) | 28 457 (43.0) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 45 969 (32.8) | 17 092 (37.2) | 0.80 (0.78 to 0.82) | 0.80 (0.78 to 0.82) | 0.80 (0.78 to 0.82) | ||
| 2 | 18 192 (13.0) | 6242 (34.3) | 0.71 (0.68 to 0.73) | 0.72 (0.69 to 0.74) | 0.71 (0.69 to 0.74) | ||
| ≥3 | 9868 (7.0) | 3046 (30.9) | 0.61 (0.58 to 0.63) | 0.63 (0.60 to 0.66) | 0.62 (0.59 to 0.65) | ||
| Clinical risk group recommended for influenza vaccination | |||||||
| No | 130 160 (92.9) | 49 752 (38.2) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 9981 (7.1) | 5085 (50.9) | 1.69 (1.62 to 1.76) | 1.70 (1.63 to 1.77) | |||
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||||||
| <18.5 underweight | 4865 (3.5) | 1744 (35.8) | 0.85 (0.80 to 0.90) | ||||
| 18.5–24.9 | 66 405 (47.4) | 26 331 (39.7) | 1 | ||||
| 25.0–29.9 overweight | 31 855 (22.7) | 12 882 (40.4) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) | ||||
| ≥30 obese | 23 142 (16.5) | 9222 (39.8) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | ||||
| Missing | 13 874 (9.9) | 4658 (33.6) | |||||
N=1 40 141 from 456 practices. Overall vaccine uptake 54 837 (39.1%).
All models include women who registered before the end of the first trimester, and exclude those with no recorded pregnancy outcome or missing ethnicity; minimally adjusted model of BMI additionally excludes 13 874 women with missing BMI.