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Verbal Working Memory Task Paradigm. Each trial began with the presentation of a fixation cross that was within an empty grid for 1300 ms, followed by the appearance of four consonants within the grid for 2000 ms (encoding), then an empty grid for 3000 ms (maintenance), and lastly the probe letter for 900 ms (retrieval). During retrieval, participants responded via a button pad with their right hand as to whether the probe was a letter in the previous encoding set.
