Table 4.

Maternal Hukou Status and Birth-Related Outcomes

	City A	City B
	Odds Ratio
Reached minimum recommended number of prenatal care visits	0.990	0.781***
	[0.950, 1.032]	[0.740, 0.825]
N	54,724	25,842
Delivery at tertiary hospital	0.734***	0.336***
	[0.701, 0.769]	[0.319, 0.354]
N	54,729	25,839
Delivery via Cesarean section	1.065***	1.127***
	[1.027, 1.104]	[1.069, 1.189]
N	54,729	25,844
	Coef
Total medical cost
Cesarean section	-0.040***	-0.094***
	[-0.046, -0.033]	[-0.120, -0.068]
R-squared	0.09	0.01
N	21,269	10,159
Natural delivery	-0.078***	-0.199***
	[-0.085, -0.071]	[-0.221, -0.177]
R-squared	0.13	0.03
N	33,464	15,690

Note. We used logistic models to analyze whether Cesarean section was conducted and whether the delivery took place at a tertiary hospital. We used an ordinary least squares model to analyze outcomes on the log of total medical spending. For all of the regressions, we included maternal age and year and month dummies as control variables. We used urban mothers as the reference group. 95% confidence intervals are shown in brackets.

^*p < .1, ^**p < .05, ^*** p < .001