FIGURE 3.

SUMOylation of GTPases during synaptic plasticity. During LTP, SUMOylated Arc associates with drebrin A, an actin‐binding protein. This impairs α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) internalization to promote increased surface expression. (a) CC2D1A deletion leads to reduced SENP 1/3 levels, which in turn, regulates the SUMOylation of Rac1. SUMOylated Rac1 enhanced Rac1 activity. Rac1 inhibits cofilin activity, which severs F‐actin. SUMOylation of Rac1 enhances activity, thus indirectly promotes actin stabilization by blocking cofilin in dendritic spine formation