Table 1.

Experimental parameters in selected optogenetic research cited in this work. The color code of the table matches those in Figure 3 and corresponds to the selected topics in the main text, i.e., optogenetic control of signal transduction (yellow), organelle manipulation (cyan), and gene regulation (pink). In cases where power density is not reported, the total power is filled.

Optogenetic protein(s)	λ[nm]	P [mW cm−2a)]	Model organisms	Ref.
AuLOV	488	0.3–5.0	PCI 2 (Rattus norvegicus)	[38]
DrBphP	780	0.3–3	PC6–3 (Rattus norvegicus), mouse	[39]
LOV2pep/PDZ	447	0.3	PC6–3	[39]
iLI D/tdrano	488	0.4–9700	PCI 2	[40]
CRY2PHR/CIBN	460	0.4–5.0	HEK293T (Homo sapiens), Xenopus laevis embryos	[41]
CRY2olig	488	10–1500	Mouse embryonic fibroblast, mouse lateral amygdala	[43]
LOV2/Zdk	470	0.016	Jurkat (Homo sapiens)	[44]
CRY2/CRY20lig	488	0.6	Drosophila	[47]
MagnetsHigh	488	4–49	HEK293T, NIH3T3 (Mus musculus), HeLa (Homo sapiens)	[49]
eLOV/LEXY	488	0.5	HEK293T, PCI 2	[34]
LOV	470	0.6–6.4	Cerebellar granule neuron (Rattus norvegicus), HEK293T	[52]
CRY2/iLID	470	4	HeLa, HEK293, COS-7 (Cercopithecus aethiops)	[54]
CRY2	473	0.1–50	HeLa, HEK293T	[55]
CRY2/CIBN	475	737	HEK293T	[57]
LOV2	473	3–100	Mouse, hippocampal slices, HeLa, HEK293	[58]
bPAC	470	7	HEK293, Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons	[61]
bPAC	470	18	MIN6 and /βTC48 /β-cells (Mus musculus)	[66]
EB1	460	0.1–2.0	Escherichia coli (Bacteria)	[69]
BphS	660	1.33	Escherichia coli	[71]
TULIP	405	a)<l μW	NIH3T3	[72]
Rhodopsin	475	0.3	Drosophila	[46]
iLID-nano	470	1	Mouse kidney fibroblast	[75]
PhoCI	405	2–150	MDCK (Canisfamitiaris), MCF7 (Homo sapiens)	[76]
LOV2	488	a)1.2–5.0 mW	Drosophila	[80]
iLI D/SspB/Zdk/LOV2	480	1–2.5	Yersinia enterocolitica (Bacteria)	[81]
iLI D/pdDronpal	472	5300	U20S (Homo sapiens), COS-7	[84a]
iLID	488	0.5	HeLa, HEK293T, ETNA (in-house derived, Mus musculus)	[84b]
iLID	488	a)25 mW	HCT116 (Homo sapiens), HeLa	[85]
iLI D/WD52C	470	0.02–20	HeLa, U20S, COS-7	[86]
CRY2/CIBN	470	a)200 mW	MIN6 (Mus musculus), INS-1E (Rattus norvegicus)	[87]
CRY2olig	488	a)180 nW	N1H3T3, Xenopus laevis oocytes	[90]
CRY2PHR	440	a)0.02–1.5 μW	HEK293T	[91]
iLI D/SspB	488	a)<0.1 μW	NIH3T3, HEK293T	[93]
PixD/PixE	450/488	b)1.9–2.2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	[95]
iLI D/SspB	488	8.4e6	HeLa, HEK293, U20S, Lenti-X293T (Homo sapiens)	[96]
CRY2PHR	488	4.5e3–2.5e9	U20S, iPSC neurons (Homo sapiens)	[97]
CRY2olig	456	0.69	Zebrafish	[99]
PYP	473	a)0.2–1.5 mW	HEK293T, primary hippocampal neurons, mouse	[101]
Magnets	448	0.2–20	HEK293T, mouse liver	[105]
VVD	920	a)5–25 mW	Mouse brain	[106]
MagHigh	470	40–1000	HEK293T, mouse brain	[107]
BphS	730	c)2.0–3.3	HEK293, iPSC, mouse	[110]
CRY2/CIB1	488	49–70	HeLa, NIH3T3, hippocampal culture (Rattus norvegicus)	[114]
LOV	450	2.0	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	[115]
LOV	450	0.1–2	Mesenchymal stem cell (Rattus norvegicus)	[116]
LOV	465	0.8	HEK293T, Neuro-2a (Mus musculus)	[117]
RsLOV	460	0.059–3	Escherichia coli	[118]
CRY2/CIBN	470	1.5–5	ES (Mus musculus)	[113]

^a)When the power density is not reported explicitly, the entry refers to the total power;

^b)Converted from the reported value of 73–82 μmole (m² s)⁻¹ at 450 nm;

^c)Converted from the reported value of 77.5–129 μmole (m² s)⁻¹ at 465 nm.