Table 1.
Participant characteristics in the study (N = 2,404).
| Variable | Group | Total (n = 2,404) | Without multimorbidity (n = 1,303) | With multimorbidity (n = 1,101) | Chi-square | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Gender | Male | 1,087 | 45.22 | 587 | 45.05 | 500 | 45.41 | 0.032 | 0.858 |
| Female | 1,317 | 54.78 | 716 | 54.95 | 601 | 54.59 | |||
| Age (year) | ≤ 60 | 504 | 20.97 | 360 | 27.63 | 144 | 13.08 | 70.647 | <0.0001 |
| 61–70 | 1,149 | 47.8 | 596 | 45.74 | 553 | 50.23 | |||
| ≥71 | 751 | 31.24 | 347 | 26.63 | 404 | 36.69 | |||
| Marital Status | Married | 2,377 | 98.88 | 1,283 | 98.47 | 1,094 | 99.36 | 4.344 | 0.037 |
| Unmarried | 27 | 1.12 | 20 | 1.53 | 7 | 0.64 | |||
| Employment status | Employed | 869 | 36.15 | 515 | 39.52 | 354 | 32.15 | 14.05 | <0.0001 |
| Unemployed/retired | 1,535 | 63.85 | 788 | 60.48 | 747 | 67.85 | |||
| Education (missing = 6) | Primary school or below | 900 | 37.53 | 443 | 34.00 | 457 | 41.51 | 27.032 | <0.0001 |
| Junior school | 848 | 35.36 | 453 | 34.77 | 395 | 35.88 | |||
| Senior high school | 450 | 18.77 | 272 | 20.87 | 178 | 16.17 | |||
| College or above | 200 | 8.34 | 132 | 10.13 | 68 | 6.18 | |||
| Average monthly household | ≤ 3,000 | 835 | 34.73 | 462 | 35.46 | 373 | 33.88 | 2.673 | 0.102 |
| income (RMB) | 3,001–4,000 | 515 | 21.42 | 302 | 23.18 | 213 | 19.35 | ||
| 4,001–6,000 | 503 | 20.92 | 255 | 19.57 | 248 | 22.52 | |||
| ≥ 6,000 | 305 | 12.69 | 148 | 11.36 | 157 | 14.26 | |||
| Not sure | 246 | 10.23 | 136 | 10.44 | 110 | 9.99 | |||
| Medical insurance | No | 420 | 17.47 | 215 | 16.50 | 205 | 18.62 | 1.859 | 0.173 |
| Yes | 1,984 | 82.53 | 1,088 | 83.50 | 896 | 81.38 | |||
| District | Urban | 767 | 31.91 | 439 | 33.69 | 328 | 29.79 | 9.974 | 0.007 |
| Suburb | 819 | 34.07 | 408 | 31.31 | 411 | 37.33 | |||
| Rural | 818 | 34.03 | 456 | 35.00 | 362 | 32.88 | |||
| Health care utilization | |||||||||
| Frequency of seeking health service in CHC | More than once per month | 1,750 | 72.8 | 801 | 61.47 | 949 | 86.19 | 160.711 | <0.0001 |
| Every 1–3 months | 311 | 12.94 | 230 | 17.65 | 81 | 7.36 | |||
| More than every 3 months | 245 | 10.19 | 194 | 14.89 | 51 | 4.63 | |||
| Not sure | 98 | 4.08 | 78 | 5.99 | 20 | 1.82 | |||
| Times of outpatient visiting | ≤ 10 | 801 | 33.32 | 593 | 45.51 | 208 | 18.89 | 202.43 | <0.0001 |
| in the previous year | 10–14 | 626 | 26.04 | 320 | 24.56 | 306 | 27.79 | ||
| 15–20 | 326 | 13.56 | 155 | 11.90 | 171 | 15.53 | |||
| >20 | 651 | 27.08 | 235 | 18.04 | 416 | 37.78 | |||
| Times of hospitalization in | 0 | 2,084 | 87.67 | 1,187 | 91.10 | 897 | 81.47 | 51.949 | <0.0001 |
| the previous year | 1 | 231 | 9.72 | 93 | 7.14 | 138 | 12.53 | ||
| (missing = 27) | ≥2 | 62 | 2.61 | 13 | 1.00 | 49 | 4.45 | ||
| Self-percived health status | Fair/poor | 1,381 | 57.45 | 635 | 48.73 | 746 | 67.76 | 88.339 | <0.0001 |
| Good/very good | 1,023 | 42.55 | 668 | 51.27 | 355 | 32.24 | |||
| Physical or mental disease | Yes | 527 | 21.92 | 217 | 16.65 | 310 | 28.16 | 31.505 | <0.0001 |
| lasting over 1 year | No | 1,698 | 70.63 | 986 | 75.67 | 712 | 64.67 | ||
| Not sure | 179 | 7.45 | 100 | 7.67 | 79 | 7.18 | |||