TABLE 1.
Examples of efflux pumps and the role they play in reducing susceptibility to various compounds and the Acinetobacter spp. in which they were first described
Efflux family | Example | Reduced susceptibility | Acinetobacter sp. | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
MFS | CraA | Chloramphenicol | A. baumannii | 25 |
AmvA | Erythromycin | A. baumannii | 26 | |
AbaF | Fosfomycin | A. baumannii | 28 | |
AbaQ | Quinolones | A. baumannii | 29 | |
TetA | Tigecycline | A. baumannii | 30 | |
CmlA | Chloramphenicol | A. baumannii | 31 | |
MATE | AbeM | Fluoroquinolones | A. baumannii | 51 |
ABC | A1S_0536 | Erythromycin | A. baumannii | 21 |
A1S_1535 | Gentamicin, chloramphenicol | A. baumannii | 21 | |
MacAB-TolC | Potentially macrolides and tigecycline | A. baumannii | 47 | |
SMR | AbeS | Chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, novobiocin, erythromycin | A. baumannii | 34 |
QacE | Quaternary ammonia compounds | A. baumannii | 39 – 41 | |
PACE | AceI | Chlorhexidine | A. baumannii | 53 |
A1S_1503 | Acriflavine | A. baumannii | 54 | |
RND | AdeABC | Aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, pentamide | A. baumannii | 61, 69 |
AdeDE | Amikacin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, meropenem, rifampin, tetracycline | A. pittii | 77 | |
AdeFGH | Chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, tetracycline-tigecycline, clindamycin; fluoroquinolones | A. baumannii | 78 | |
AdeIJK | β-lactams, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, fusidic acid, novobiocin, rifampin, trimethoprim | A. baumannii | 85 | |
AdeXYZ | NA | A. baylyi | 90 | |
CzcABCD | Heavy metals such as copper | A. baumannii | 23 | |
AbeD | Ceftriaxone, gentamicin, rifampin, tobramycin, benzalkonium chloride | A. baumannii | 92 | |
ArpAB | Amikacin, tobramycin | A. baumannii | 93 | |
AcrAB | Colistin, tobramycin, acriflavin | A. nosocomialis | 95 |