Table 2.

Summary of results of cross-sectional study (n=6) on the DASH diet and metabolic syndrome

Authors, year, and reference	Sample Size (n)	Country	Age years	Sex	DASH diet score definition (components)	Assessment of the metabolic syndrome	Results	Score
Joyce et al. 2019[22]	10741	United States	18-74	Men/women	DASH diet (+):total and whole grains, vegetables (excluding potatoes), fruits (including juice), dairy, nuts/seeds/legumes, (−): red/processed meat, fats/oils, and sweets DASH score range: 0-80	AHA/NHLBI 2009 JIS	There is no associations between DASH and MetS prevalence in all population study(OR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.88, 1.02).	7
Ghorabi et al. 2019[17]	396	Iran	≥18	Men/women	DASH diet (+): fruits, vegetables, nuts and legume, dairy products, and low intake of grains, (−):sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets, sodium, and red and processed meats DASH score range: 8-80	NCEP ATP III	Higher adherence to DASH diet: ↓ odds of MetS (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.54)	6
Kang et al. 2018[12]	6826	Korea	49-70	Women	Protein, fat, fiber, calcium, potassium, and sodium DASH score range: 4-24	ATP III	Every increase in the DASH-KQ score by 1 exhibited a 0.977-fold odds for metabolic syndrome.	7
Drehmer et al. 2017[13]	10010	Brazil	35-74	Men/women	DASH diet (+): whole grain, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, low-fat dairy products, (−): red and processed meat, sweetened beverages, and sodium DASH score range: 8-40	JIS	Higher Adherence to the DASH Diet: ↓ odds of MetS ((OR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.74-1.05), (P for trend: 0.044))	7
Park YM et al. 2017[14]	2767	United States	20-90	Men/women	DASH diet (+): protein, fiber, magnesium, calcium, and potassium,(−): total fat, saturated fat, sodium, and cholesterol DASH score range: 0-9	ATP-III	Higher DASH index was associated with lower odds of MONW phenotype :((OR: 0.59, 95% CI, 0.38-0.93); P trend=0.03)) in the younger age group (<45 years for men or premenopausal women)	7
Saneei et al. 2015[15]	420	Iran	>30	Women	DASH diet (+): fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, low-fat dairy products, and whole grains, (−): sodium, sweetened beverages, and red and processed meats DASH score range: 8-40	JIS	Higher DASH diet score was associated with lower odds of MetS: (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.14-0.91)	5

(+)=Positive component, (−)=Negative component. DASH=Dietary approach to stop hypertension; MetS=Metabolic syndrome; OR=Odds ratio; CI=Confidence interval; ATP III=Adult Treatment Panel III; AHA=American Heart Association; NCEP=National Cholesterol Education Program; JIS=Joint Interim Societies; NHLBI=National Heart Lung and Blood Institute; MONW=Metabolic obese normal weight