Table 3.
Characteristics of studies on the supplement consumption prevalence among Iranian athletes
| Study | Sampling method | Number of participants | Gender Age (Mean±SD [Range]) | Sport discipline | Professional level | Study place (Province or national) | Lifetime prevalence | The most prevalent supplements consumed | Supplement category (most common) | Information source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aghili M (2011)[19] | NR | 425 | M/32.3±9.95 | Body-building | Recreational | Tehran | 93.8% | Creatine | Performance enhancing sport supplements | NR |
| Aliabadi S (2014)[42] | NR | 174 | M/26 | Body-building | Recreational | Kordestan | 52% | Protein, Creatine, Carbohydrate | Macronutrients | NR |
| Alidoost E (2017)[18] | R | 793 | B/NR | Body-building | Recreational | Tehran | 54.6% | NR | NR | NR |
| Allahverdipour H (2011)[32] | R | 253 | M/22.2 [15,16,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28] | Body-building | Recreational | Hamedan | 81.4% | Creatine, Carbohydrates, Vitamins | Performance enhancing sport supplements | NR |
| Aminpour M (2011)[40] | R | 120 | M/NR | Body-building | Recreational | North Khorasan | 95.8% | Creatine, Protein, Multivitamin | Performance enhancing sport supplements | NR |
| Amirsasan R (2014)[47] | NR | 42 | B/25.25±2.6 | All sports | Elite | Olympic team | 93% | B-complex, Vitamin C, Glutamine | Multi vitamin mineral | Dietitian |
| Arazi H (2014)[48] | NR | 253 | M/22.45±2.86 | All sports | Recreational | National Olympiad | 70.7% | NR | NR | Friend or Teammate, Trainer, Media |
| Azizi M (2012)[49] | R | 65 | M/23.2±3.2 | Rowing | Elite | National team | 61.9% | NR | NR | Physician, Trainer, Friend or Teammate |
| Bahari-Rad N (2019)[44] | R | 244 | NR/NR | Body-building | Recreational | Kermanshah | 95.3% | Vitamin C, Creatine, Vitamin E | Multi vitamin mineral | Friend or Teammate, Trainer, Media |
| Darvishi A (2013)[30] | NR | 173 | M/21.2±2.2 | All sports | Recreational | Isfahan | 45% | Multivitamins, Vitamin C | Multi vitamin mineral | NR |
| Ekramzadeh M (2017)[41] | NR | 97 | M/33.83±2.23 | All sports | Recreational | Fars | 29.6% | Creatine, Ginseng, Protein | Performance enhancing sports supplements | Trainer, Physician, Friend or Teammate |
| Fakhari Rad F (2014)[20] | NR | 148 | B/25.62±6.58 | Body-building | Recreational | Tehran | 91.1% | Male: Protein, Creatine, Vitamin B complex Female: Vitamin & minerals, Fat burners, Vitamin B complex | Macronutrients | NR |
| Golshanraz A (2014)[34] | R | 350 | B/21.87 | All sports | Elite | National team | 35% | Vitamins, Energy supplements, minerals | Multi vitamin mineral | NR |
| Golshanraz A (2012)[36] | R | 254 | F/27.08±0.55 | All sports | Recreational | NR | 34.7% | Vitamins [C, multivitamin, E] | Multi vitamin mineral | Physician, Dietitian |
| Hozoori M (2016)[25] | R | 195 | M/24±7 | All sports | Both | Karaj | 49% | Creatine, Vitamin, Protein | Performance enhancing sports supplements | Trainer, Dietitian, Media |
| Hozoori M (2012)[28] | NR | 150 | M/23±5 | All sports | Elite | East Azarbaijan | 66% | Creatine, Protein, Multivitamin | Performance enhancing sports supplements | Trainer |
| Hoseini Kakhak AR (2001)[37] | R | 100 | M/NR | Body-building | Elite | NR | 97% | Protein & Amino acid, vitamin & mineral | Macronutrients | NR |
| Kargarfard M (2009)[45] | R | 1120 | Both/NR | All sports | Recreational | Lorestan | 32.5% | NR | NR | NR |
| Karimian J (2011)[31] | R | 500 | B/NR | Body-building | Recreational | Isfahan | 49% | Creatine, Vitamin, Mineral | Performance enhancing sports supplements | Trainer, Dietitian, Physician |
| Khabiri A (2019)[29] | R | 109 | NR/NR | All sports | Elite | East Azarbaijan | 62.4% | Protein & Amino acid, vitamin & mineral | Macronutrient | Trainer |
| Khorramabady Y (2017)[33] | R | 483 | NR/NR | Body-building | Recreational | Hamedan | 79.2% | Creatine, Vitamin, Protein | Performance enhancing sports supplements | NR |
| Kordi R (2011)[21] | R | 436 | M/18.9±4.1 | Wrestling | Recreational | Tehran | 25% | Multivitamin, Vitamin C, Creatine | Multi vitamin mineral | NR |
| Mahdavi M (2012)[26] | R | 780 | M/NR | Body-building | Recreational | Alborz | 88.2% | Macronutrients, Vitamins | Macronutrients | NR |
| Malek M (2004)[38] | R | 337 | M/NR | Body-building | Recreational | Semnan | 27.9% | Macronutrients, Vitamins | Macronutrients | NR |
| Minasian V (2010)[22] | NR | 169 | F/22.8±4 | All sports | Elite | Tehran | 75.1% | Vitamins | Multi vitamin mineral | NR |
| Nakhaee MR (2013)[43] | R | 285 | B/NR | Body-building | Recreational | Kerman | 35.4% | NR | NR | Trainer |
| Nakhostin-Roohi B (2018)[46] | R | 163 | F/NR | Body-building | Recreational | Ardabil | 31.3% | Vitamins, Fat burners, Protein & Amino acids | Multi vitamin mineral | NR |
| Rashid Lamir A (2014)[39] | NR | 286 | M/25.6 | Body-building | Recreational | Khorasan Razavi | 82.6% | Vitamins, Creatine, Amino acid | Multi vitamin mineral | Trainer |
| Saeedi P (2013)[23] | NR | 1625 | B/28.70±8.53 | Body-building | Recreational | Tehran | 66.7% | Multivitamin-mineral, Iron | Multi vitamin mineral | Physician, Trainer |
| Seif-Barghi T (2015)[35] | R | 234 | M/NR | Soccer | Elite | National level | 100% | Vitamin C & Vitamin E | Multi vitamin mineral | NR |
| Shojaee A (1999)[24] | NR | 368 | M/NR | Body-building | Recreational | Tehran | 87.2% | Vitamins, Fat-burner | Multi vitamin mineral | NR |
| Shoshtarizadeh F (2013)[27] | R | 780 | M/NR | Body-building | Recreational | Karaj | 81.5% | Macronutrients, Vitamins | Macronutrients | Trainer, Physician |
Q: Self-report questionnaire, R: Random sampling, F: Female, M: Male, B: Both, NR: Not registered