Table 1.
Expression, function and clinical significance of CD58 in various malignancies.
| Malignancy types | Expression | Functions | Mechanisms | Clinical characteristics | Prognosis | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute lymphoid leukemia | Downregulated | NA | NA | The percent of peripheral blast cells, leucocytosis, and the presence of a clinical tumoral syndrome | Overall survival | (190, 191) |
| B-cell progenitor ALL | Upregulated | NA | NA | Identification marker; the detection of minimum residual disease | NA | (194–196) |
| Acute myelocytic leukemia | Downregulated | Evading immunosurveillance | NA | Complete remission rate | Overall survival and disease-free survival | (191) |
| Chronic myelocytic leukemia | Downregulated | Abnormal adhesion of CML progenitor cells and abnormal clonal proliferation of T cells | NA | NA | NA | (197) |
| Burkitt’s Lymphoma | Downregulated | Evading immunosurveillance | NA | NA | NA | (200) |
| Hodgkin’s lymphoma | Downregulated | Immune evasion | NA | At the advanced stage of HL, CD58 inactivation of HRS cells located in pleural effusions is extremely prevalent | Relapse of HL | (202, 203) |
| Diffuse large B cell lymphoma | Downregulated | Evading immunosurveillance | Inhibiting IFN-γ secretion of T/NK cells against lymphoma cells | NA | An independent adverse prognostic factor | (204–206) |
| Neuroblastoma | NA | Susceptibility of it to the cytotoxic effects of LAK and NK cells | NA | NA | NA | (209) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Upregulated in anisomycin-treated HCC cells | Promotion of immune synapse formation to boost NK-mediated immunotherapeutic effects | NA | NA | NA | (76) |
| Gastric cancer | NA | NA | NA | Cell dedifferentiation, invasion of lymph and blood vessels, distant metastases | Overall survival and disease-free survival | (212) |
| Colorectal cancer | NA | Potentiation of intercellular adhesion, stimulation of the T cell proliferation, and augment of CTL cytotoxicity | NA | NA | NA | (210) |
| Upregulated | Enhancement of sphere formation, EMT ability and tumor growth; Promotion of self-renewal of cancer stem cell | Activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by degradation of Dickkopf 3 | NA | NA | (211) | |
| Melanoma | Downregulated in patients with ICB-resistance | Immune evasion | Deficiency of T cell costimulation, reduced T cell adhesion, and even synergy of the corepressor PD-L1. | Increasing CD58 expression contributes to alleviate ICB resistance | NA | (56, 216) |
NA, not available. The presence of NA in the table is due to the lack of information on related studies. ALL, acute lymphoid leukemia; CML, chronic myelocytic leukemia; HL, Hodgkin’s lymphoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; LAK, lymphokine-activated killing; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ICB, immune checkpoint blockade.