Table 1.

Description of the Nine COVID-19 Preventive Measures

Preventive measure	Survey item (“Over the last month, how often did you…?”)
Social distancing	Keep social distancing of 2 m (or 6 ft)
Wearing masks	Wear a mask when around other people
Avoiding closed spaces	Avoid closed spaces (e.g., by ventilating rooms)
Avoiding crowded spaces	Avoid crowded spaces
Avoiding close contact settings	Avoid close contact settings (e.g., talking loudly and shouting within 1m)
Hand washing	Wash your hands with soap and water for more than 15 s
Avoiding touching one’s face	Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth without washing your hands
Respiratory hygiene	Follow respiratory hygiene
Surface disinfection	Disinfect surfaces that are regularly touched (e.g., doorknobs)

The response options included “Always,” “Sometimes,” “Almost Never,” and “Never” for each of the nine items. We defined the composite score for the preventive measure as the percentage of items to which a participant responded “Always” or “Sometimes” out of the nine items