Table 2.
Characteristics of Participants According to Trust in Government
| Characteristics | Total (N = 25,482) | High trust (N = 10,572) | Low trust (N = 14,910) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 12,809 (50.3) | 5087 (48.1) | 7722 (51.8) | 0.09 | |
| Age, mean (SD), year | 48.8 (17.4) | 48.5 (17.9) | 49.1 (17.1) | 0.56 | |
| Educational attainment | College or higher | 12,701 (49.8) | 5383 (50.9) | 7318 (49.1) | 0.40 |
| High school or lower | 12,781 (50.2) | 5189 (49.1) | 7592 (50.9) | ||
| Income level | Lower | 7336 (28.8) | 3061 (29.0) | 4275 (28.7) | 0.10 |
| Intermediate | 6817 (26.8) | 2716 (25.7) | 4101 (27.5) | ||
| Higher | 5733 (22.5) | 2636 (24.9) | 3097 (20.8) | ||
| Not answered | 5595 (22.0) | 2159 (20.4) | 3436 (23.0) | ||
| Household size | 1 | 4117 (16.2) | 1543 (14.6) | 2573 (17.3) | 0.21 |
| 2 | 8574 (33.7) | 3488 (33.0) | 5086 (34.1) | ||
| 3 | 5927 (23.3) | 2424 (22.9) | 3503 (23.5) | ||
| 4 | 4352 (17.1) | 1964 (18.6) | 2388 (16.0) | ||
| 5+ | 2513 (9.9) | 1154 (10.9) | 1360 (9.1) | ||
| Marital status | Married | 16,100 (63.2) | 6942 (65.7) | 9158 (61.4) | 0.37 |
| Never married | 6046 (23.7) | 2325 (22.0) | 3720 (24.9) | ||
| Widowed | 1949 (7.7) | 838 (7.9) | 1111 (7.5) | ||
| Separated | 1387 (5.4) | 467 (4.4) | 920 (6.2) | ||
| Employment | Employer | 1007 (4.0) | 477 (4.5) | 531 (3.6) | 0.84 |
| Self-employed | 2008 (7.9) | 839 (7.9) | 1169 (7.8) | ||
| Employee | 12,745 (50.0) | 5275 (49.9) | 7470 (50.1) | ||
| Unemployed | 9722 (38.2) | 3982 (37.7) | 5740 (38.5) | ||
| Smoking status | Never | 12,959 (50.9) | 5529 (52.3) | 7430 (49.8) | 0.35 |
| Ever | 1638 (30.0) | 2995 (28.3) | 4643 (31.1) | ||
| Current | 4885 (19.2) | 2048 (19.4) | 2837 (19.0) | ||
| Comorbidities | Overweight | 5185 (20.4) | 2234 (21.1) | 2952 (19.8) | 0.42 |
| Hypertension | 6963 (27.3) | 2803 (26.5) | 4159 (27.9) | 0.56 | |
| Diabetes | 2711 (10.6) | 1222 (11.6) | 1489 (10.0) | 0.50 | |
| Asthma | 3573 (14.0) | 1520 (14.4) | 2052 (13.8) | 0.78 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 1686 (6.6) | 790 (7.5) | 895 (6.0) | 0.54 | |
| Stroke | 1288 (5.1) | 605 (5.7) | 684 (4.6) | 0.61 | |
| COPD | 1103 (4.3) | 501 (4.7) | 603 (4.0) | 0.77 | |
| Cancer | 2185 (8.6) | 915 (8.7) | 1270 (8.5) | 0.95 | |
The numbers are no. (%), except for age. We used inverse probability weighting (IPW) for the probability of participating in our survey (see Appendix Methods for more details); therefore, the numbers of high- and low-trust individuals do not necessarily add up to the number of total participants. Income level indicates the tertiles of household equivalent income (“low” = less than 2.5 million Japanese Yen [JPY], “intermediate” = 2.5 to 4.3 million JPY, and “high” = more than 4.3 million JPY). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD, standard deviation