Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of C. d. ruruima envenomings reported in the state of Roraima, northern Brazilian Amazon, from 2010 to 2019.
| Variable | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Local manifestations | ||
| Pain (n=364) | 348 | 95.6 |
| Edema (n=363) | 297 | 81.8 |
| Ecchymosis (n=358) | 21 | 5.9 |
| Systemic manifestations | ||
| Neuroparalysis (n=376) | 83 | 22.1 |
| Myolysis (n=378) | 61 | 16.1 |
| Bleeding (n=375) | 34 | 9.1 |
| Vomiting/diarrhea (n=374) | 31 | 8.3 |
| Clotting time (n=113) | ||
| Normal | 50 | 44.2 |
| Prolonged | 63 | 55.8 |
| Severity grade on admission* (n=381; 96.2%) | ||
| Mild | 151 | 39.6 |
| Moderate | 170 | 44.6 |
| Severe | 60 | 15.7 |
| Antivenom administration (n=381; 96.2%) | ||
| Underdosage | 155 | 40.7 |
| As recommended | 226 | 59.3 |
| Local complications | ||
| Secondary infection (n=345) | 11 | 3.2 |
| Necrosis (n=343) | 4 | 1.2 |
| Compartment syndrome (n=344) | 2 | 0.6 |
| Functional loss (n=343) | 3 | 0.9 |
| Amputation (n=343) | 1 | 0.3 |
| Systemic complications | ||
| Acute renal failure (n=336) | 33 | 9.8 |
| Respiratory failure (n=335) | 8 | 2.4 |
| Sepsis (n=335) | 2 | 0.6 |
| Shock (n=334) | 5 | 1.5 |
| Death (n=350) | ||
| Yes | 4 | 1.1 |
*According to Brazilian Ministry of Health guideline (139).