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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 22.
Published in final edited form as: Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2020 Jan 22;22(12):6492–6506. doi: 10.1039/c9cp05912a

Figure 3. Representation of fitness landscapes with different levels of ruggedness.

Figure 3.

Simplified 2D visualization of A) a smooth landscape (Mount Fuji type), B) an intermediate ruggedness landscape, and C) a highly rugged landscape. Red dots correspond to random sparse sampling on sequence space. In D), the gray line corresponds to a sine wave of frequency f, red dots correspond to sparse sampling below the critical sampling frequency (fS<2f), and red dashed line corresponds to the aliased wave reconstructed from undersampling.