Table 5.
Bivariate analysis of factors associated with insomnia categories among hospitalised patients without a prior history of insomnia at a tertiary care centre in Lebanon (N = 75)
| Variable | Category of insomnia* n (%) |
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 9) | Subthreshold (n = 34) | Moderate (n = 22) | Severe (n = 10) | ||
| Mean age in years ± SD | 51.00 ± 17.03 | 57.85 ± 18.75 | 43.41 ± 17.80 | 54.70 ± 13.51 | 0.041† |
| Mean BMI in kg/m2 ± SD | 27.45 ± 5.45 | 27.34 ± 4.48 | 30.58 ± 4.98 | 26.21 ± 4.42 | 0.106 |
| Mean hospital stay ± SD | |||||
| Assumed hospital stay in days | 6.00 ± 7.26 | 6.47 ± 2.95 | 5.27 ± 2.51 | 5.60 ± 3.47 | 0.093 |
| Actual hospital stay in days | 4.44 ± 5.57 | 4.41 ± 2.74 | 3.13 ± 1.72 | 4.40 ± 2.80 | 0.050† |
| Mean number of awakenings | 0.78 ± 1.09 | 3.09 ± 1.56 | 4.36 ± 4.05 | 5.30 ± 2.06 | <0.001† |
| per night | |||||
| Gender | 0.468 | ||||
| Male | 3 (10.7) | 11 (39.3) | 8 (28.6) | 6 (21.4) | |
| Female | 6 (12.8) | 23 (48.9) | 14 (29.8) | 4 (8.5) | |
| Insurance | 0.039† | ||||
| No | 1 (25) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | 2 (50) | |
| Yes | 8 (11.3) | 34 (47.9) | 21 (29.6) | 8 (11.3) | |
| Monthly salary in USD | 0.277 | ||||
| None | 5 (20.8) | 12 (50) | 5 (20.8) | 2 (8.3) | |
| <1,000 | 1 (4.5) | 13 (59.1) | 6 (27.3) | 2 (9.1) | |
| 1,000–2,000 | 3 (11.5) | 9 (34.6) | 8 (30.8) | 6 (23.1) | |
| >2,000 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Education level | 0.566 | ||||
| Illiterate/primary | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | |
| Elementary | 0 (0) | 4 (57.1) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (28.6) | |
| Secondary | 2 (10.5) | 10 (52.6) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (15.8) | |
| University | 5 (11.4) | 18 (40.9) | 16 (36.4) | 5 (11.4) | |
| Hospital ward | 0.419 | ||||
| Surgery | 0 (0) | 4 (33.3) | 6 (50) | 2 (16.7) | |
| Cardiology | 3 (33.3) | 5 (55.6) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Internal medicine | 2 (13.3) | 6 (40) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (20) | |
| First-class | 3 (25) | 7 (58.3) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0) | |
| ICU | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | |
| Gynaecology/obstetrics | 1 (5.3) | 9 (47.4) | 5 (26.3) | 4 (21.1) | |
| Haematology/oncology | 0 (0) | 2 (33.3) | 3 (50) | 1 (16.7) | |
| Type of hospital room | 0.505 | ||||
| Single-bed | 3 (9.7) | 12 (38.7) | 10 (32.3) | 6 (19.3) | |
| Shared | 6 (13.6) | 22 (50.0) | 12 (27.3) | 4 (9.1) | |
| Self-reported nocturnal toilet use | 0.365 | ||||
| No | 8 (11.3) | 31 (43.7) | 22 (31) | 10 (14.1) | |
| Yes | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Night oxygen use | 0.903 | ||||
| No | 8 (12.1) | 30 (45.5) | 20 (30.3) | 8 (12.1) | |
| Yes | 1 (11.1) | 4 (44.4) | 2 (22.2) | 2 (22.2) | |
| Cardiac monitoring | 0.528 | ||||
| No | 9 (12.3) | 33 (45.2) | 22 (30.1) | 9 (12.3) | |
| Yes | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 1 (50) | |
SD = standard deviation; BMI = body mass index; USD = United States dollars; ICU = intensive care unit.
*
Assessed using an Arabic version of the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index.19,20 Scores of 0–7, 8–14, 15–21 and 22–28 were considered indicative of no clinically significant insomnia, subthreshold insomnia, moderate insomnia and severe insomnia, respectively.19
†
Statistically significant at P <0.050.