Table 3.

Clinical trials of MSCs in the treatment of patients with IS.

Type of trial	Stroke type	Sample sizes	Cell type	Dose/single (S) or multiple (M)	Route	Time of adm. from stroke onset	Follow-up	Result	Reference
RCT	Acute IS	30	BM-MSCs/autologous	5 × 107/M	IV	4-5 weeks 7-9 weeks	1 year	Significant improvement in BI. No significant difference in NIHSS and MRI scan	[200]
RCT	Acute IS	85	BM-MSCs/autologous	5 × 107/M	IV	5 weeks 7 weeks	5 years	No significant side effects. Patients with mRS 0–3 significant increased	[201]
OL-PT	Chronic IS	12	BM-MSCs/autologous	0.6–1.6 × 108/S	IV	36–133 days	1 year	No side effects. Decreasing of infarct volume by>20% at 1 week	[210]
OL-PT	Subacute IS	11	BM-MSCs/autologous	85 × 106/S	IV	7–30 days	6 months	No side effects. Improvement in NIHSS, BI, and mRS	[211]
SB-CT	Acute IS	20	BM-MNCs/autologous	1.59 × 108/S	IA	5–9 days	180 days	No side effects. No significant differences in neurological function	[212]
OL-PT	Chronic IS	36	BM-MSCs/allogeneic	1.5 × 106/S	IV	>60 days	12 months	No side effects. Significant improvement in BI and NIHSS	[213]
OL-PT	Chronic IS	18	SB623 cells/allogeneic	2.5 × 106/S 5.0 × 106/S 10 × 106/S	IC	>60 days	24 months	All experienced at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event. Significant improvements in NIHSS F-M and ESS	[205]
RCT	Subacute IS	31	BM-MNCs/autologous	1.0 × 106/S 3.0 × 106/S	IV	<2 weeks	2 years	No significant improvements in NIHSS, BI, and mRs. Significant improvements in motor function	[202]
OL-PT	Chronic IS	12	BM-MNCs/autologous	Not provided	IV	3-24 months	4 years	No side effects. Significant improvements in mBI at 156 and 208 weeks	[214]

RCT: random control trial; OL-PT: open label prospective trial; SB-CT: simple blinded control trial; IV: intravenous; IA: intra-arterial; IC: intracerebral; adm: administration.