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. 2021 Jun 15;2021:6644238. doi: 10.1155/2021/6644238

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Copyright © 2021 De-qing Yang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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SS-31 suppresses CSE-induced oxidative stress via inhibition of MAPK signaling. (a) Intracellular ROS generation in BEAS-2B cells. (b–d) Activities of MDA (b), SOD (c), and GSH-Px (d) in cells (n = 3 per group). ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, ^∗∗∗P < 0.001, and ^∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001 vs. control; ^##P < 0.01 and ^###P < 0.001 vs. ani+CSE; ^&P < 0.05 and ^&&&P < 0.001 vs. CSE; ^$$P < 0.01 and ani+SS-31+CSE vs. SS-31+CSE. Abbreviations: ani: anisomycin; CSE: cigarette smoke extract; GSH-Px: glutathione peroxidase; MDA: malondialdehyde; ROS: intracellular reactive oxygen species; SOD: superoxide dismutase.