Table 2.

Macrocognition framework.

Function	Description
Sensemaking and learning (SL)	(i) Deliberate attempt to find coherent situational understanding
	(ii) Modifying a mental model or generating a new one
	(iii) Includes sense giving (presenting an understanding to others to adopt)
Decision making (DM)	(i) Decisions in, or about, patient care and administrative processes
Planning and replanning (PL)	(i) Shaping or reshaping patient care or administrative processes
Monitoring and problem detection (MD)	(i) Tracking the progress or outcomes of patient care or administrative processes
	(ii) Planned, ad hoc (“noticing”), formal (data collection), or informal
Managing the unknown, unclear, unexpected, and irregular (MU)	(i) Planned or anticipatory (contingencies, fallbacks)
	(ii) Evaluating/estimating risks
	(iii) Unplanned, “scrambling”
Coordinating (CO)	(i) Any activity that helps synchronize 2 or more individuals in a patient care or administrative process, especially transmitting information or expectations
	(ii) Maintenance of “common ground,” shared expectations/understanding/mental models of processes