Table 1.

Potential moderators

Moderator	Description
Memory or comprehension	Whether the effect-size pertains to the memory or comprehension of the narrative and expository texts, as reported by the authors
Immediate or delay	Whether the test of memory or comprehension occurred immediately or after a delay
Adults or non-adults	Whether the sample consisted of adults (17+ years) or non-adults (16 years and younger)
Read or heard	Whether the participants read (e.g., on paper, a computer screen) or heard the texts (e.g., spoken by an individual or computer)
Content controlled	Whether there was an attempt to control the content across the narrative and expository texts, as reported by the authors
Difficulty controlled	Whether there was an attempt to control the reading difficulty across the narrative and expository texts (e.g., Flesch-Kincaid Grade level, Fry Readability Level), as reported by the authors
Verbal or written test	Whether the memory or comprehension test presented was verbal (e.g., tape-recording or note-taking of free recall, then coded for accuracy) or written (e.g., multiple-choice questions)