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. 2021 Apr;50(4):806–815. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v50i4.6007

Table 2:

CATWOE Elements and Their Definition

CATWOE Service recipients’ view Service providers’ view Policymakers and managers’ view
Customers Patients and families Insurance, patients and families, resource producers Service Providers (Physician-Midwife-Nurse-Pharmacist) - Insurance - Hospitals - Universities of Medical Sciences - Health Centers - Staffs - Clinics - Family Physicians - Diagnosis and Treatment Centers - Private Hospitals
Actors Implementation of the Patient Rights Charter by service providers Policymakers and managers, physicians, pharmacists, nurses, midwives, and other health professionals All stakeholders and the relationship between them: Ministry of Health - service providers, staff, insurance, and ...
Transformation Process 1. Leadership & governance
2. HR,
3. Drugs and technology,
4. Financing,
5. Information systems,
6. Service delivery systems
1.Leadership & governance
2. HR,
3. Drugs and technology,
4. Financing,
5. Information systems,
6. Service delivery systems
1. Leadership & governance
2. HR,
3. Drugs and technology,
4. Financing, 5. Information systems, 6. Service delivery systems
World View Providing, promoting, and maintaining the health of the people using the benchmarking method Providing optimal and fast personal and public health services and establishing justice in the payroll system in accordance with the global standard Ensuring the promotion and maintenance of public health to promote, and maintain the health and accountability of accountability by considering successful global models
Owner Patient Rights Support Organizations, NGOs Employment and Administrative Organizations, Universities of Medical Sciences Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Health, Parliament, Municipalities
Environmental Constrains Medical expenses, lack of medicine and medical facilities and equipment Life threats, mental health threats, salary rates Lack of budget, prioritization, lack of resources and equipment