Table 2.
Overview of case reports and letters to the editors on CT imaging that have less than five cases of COVID-19.
| Reference | Remarks |
|---|---|
| McGinnis et al. (2020) [188] | Asymptomatic COVID-19 was detected using CT imaging in a patient with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer. |
| Yan et al. (2020) [189] | Chest CT findings are important when there is a false-positive results for COVID-19. |
| Qi et al. (2020) [190] | CT imaging can play an important role in managing patients of COVID-19 for diagnosis and monitoring. |
| Zhang et al. (2020) [191] | CT imaging can be helpful for early detection of COVID-19 based on CT findings. |
| Tenda et al. (2020) [192] | Three patients with mild to moderate symptoms have been considered. They highly suggest the use of non-contrast chest CT for COVID-19 diagnosis in patients with moderate symptoms. |
| Erturk (2020) [193] | CT may help diagnose but not screening highly suspected cases. |
| Xu et al. (2020) [194] | Six patients from an extended family with COVID-19 have been investigated. It should be avoided to rely on CT for clinical diagnosis. |
| Liu et al. (2020) [195] | Chest CT has an indispensable role in early detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, however, further investigation is needed. |
| Li et al. (2020) [196] | Repeated CT scanning could facilitate monitoring disease progression and implementing proper treatment. |
| Ufuk (2020) [197] | A patient with peripheral, multilobar areas of GGO sign in chest CT images and positive for COVID-19 has been presented. |
| Hamer et al. (2020) [198] | A positive case of COVID-19 and also a review of some studies in this field have been presented. CT morphology can be a support for COVID-19 diagnosis. |
| Kang et al. (2020) [199] | A low-dose scanning protocol has been presented that reduces the patient's dose to 1/8 to 1/9 of the standard dose without significant sacrifice of signal-to-noise (SNR) or contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios. |
| Wang et al. (2020) [60] | The role of CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19 is not clear, so it is better to use alternative modalities such as Ultrasound or CXR due to lower radiation, especially for children. |
| Zou and Zhu (2020) [89] | A case with GGOs with areas of focal consolidation primarily in the right upper lobe and a focal opacity in the left upper and right middle lobes has been reported. |
| Dai et al. (2020) [200] | For patients with fever as the first symptom and with a history of exposure to COVID-19, chest CT examination should be performed soon. |
| Lin et al. (2020) [201] | Observe changes in CT images during the disease. |
| Lee et al. (2020) [202] | More research is needed into the correlation of CT findings with clinical severity and progression of COVID-19. |
| Kim (2020) [203] | Role of radiologists includes not only early detection of lung abnormality, but also suggestion of disease severity, potential progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and possible bacterial co-infection in hospitalised patients. |
| Zhang et al. (2020) [204] | One case of COVID-19 pneumonia showed multiple subpleural GGOs in bilateral lung, rapid progression, and it also accompanied nodular GGOs on chest CT. |
| Singh and Fratesi (2020) [205] | CT may expedite care in symptomatic patients with a negative or pending swab, and in those with worsening respiratory status or developing complications such as empyema or acute respiratory distress syndrome. |
| Tsou et al. (2020) [206] | In Singapore, the consensus of the infectious diseases experts is to rely on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for diagnosis rather than to use CT. |
| Vu et al. (2020) [207] | Patients not initially suspected of COVID-19 infection can be quarantined earlier to limit exposure to others using CT imaging features of COVID-19. |
| Çinkooğlu et al. (2020) [208] | Imaging plays a critical role in initial diagnosis and in assessment of disease severity and progression. |
| Asadollahi-Amin et al. (2020) [209] | A patient found to be positive COVID-19 after a CT scan performed for an unrelated condition revealed a lesion in the lung field compatible with COVID-19 infection. |
| Chen et al. (2020) [210] | Chest CT scan is the primary diagnostic approach for COVID-19 and its feature includes multiple, bilateral, patchy consolidation and GGO with subpleural distribution. |
| Hu et al. (2020) [211] | Two cases both demonstrated symptom relief but progression on CT, which indicates that clinical symptoms and imaging findings are inconsistent in early-stage of COVID-19 pneumonia. |
| Lim et al. (2020) [212] | This case series of three COVID-19 pneumonia patients highlights the variable chest CT features during the acute and convalescent phases. Chest CT is a highly sensitive tool for the delineation of the extent of lung disease. However, its use as a first-line diagnostic modality to replace RT-PCR is not guaranteed. |
| Ostad et al. (2020) [213] | Radiologists should know the possibility of artefacts when reporting the axial CT images with limited involvement, especially those cases with focal basal GGO, where linear atelectasis is also common. In such cases correlation with reformatted planes and utilising thin-section reconstructions are recommended to avoid misinterpretation. |
| Qanadli et al. (2020) [214] | Vascular findings convey both diagnostic and prognostic information and might contribute to disease diagnosis and patient management. The vascular congestion sign may help distinguish COVID-19 from community-acquired pneumonia. |
| Mungmungpuntipantip and Wiwanitkit (2020) [215] | Chest CT cannot discriminate early COVID-19 from other diseases. |
| Danrad et al. (2020) [216] | a case of positive lung ultra-sound findings consistent with COVID-19 in a woman with an initially negative RT-PCR result. We describe and illustrate early and advanced stage CT findings from patients with documented COVID-19 who have been admitted to University Medical Center in New Orleans, Louisiana. Early and advanced stage CT finding from patients with documented COVID-19 admitted to University medical center in New Orleans, Louisiana have been described. |
| Joob and Wiwanitkit (2020) [217] | If patients have underlying lung disease such as tuberculosis, atypical chest CT findings might be seen. Practitioners have to recognise the broad spectrum of possible CT findings in patients with COVID-19. |
| Li et al. (2020) [218] | Characteristic imaging changes were found with GGO, consolidation and septal thickening mainly distributed in peripheral and posterior area by thoracic CT scan in the three patients. |
| et al. (2020) [219] | A dynamic chest CT scan plays a significant role in the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19. |
| Li et al. (2020) [220] | CT plays a vital role in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. |
| Lei et al. (2020) [221] | Knowing the corresponding CT feature of COVID-19 pneumonia at different stages, which could be helpful to precisely diagnose and understand CT characteristics of COVID-19. |
| Gross et al. (2020) [222] | CT may be a useful tool to evaluate the extent of the disease in severe cases, provide prognostic information and guide future treatment options. |
| Shi et al. (2020) [223] | COVID-19 pneumonia may present with atypical manifestations, such as haemoptysis and focal GGO with non-peripheral distribution, on initial CT scans. |
| Qu et al. (2020) [224] | This study is a report of manifestations of COVID-19 in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. |
| An et al. (2020) [225] | Chest CT offers fast and convenient evaluation of patients with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia. |
| Wei et al. (2020) [226] | CT showed rapidly progressing peripheral consolidations and GGOs in both lungs of a 40-year-old female patient with COVID-19 pneumonia. After treatment, the lesions were almost absorbed leaving the fibrous lesions. |
| Fang et al. (2020) [227] | Under the circumstances, computed tomography imaging is not only useful for the detection, location of lesions but also helpful in evaluating the dynamic changes of patients with COVID-19. CT imaging can play a determinant role in clinical decision-making. |
| Duan and Qin (2020) [228] | At seven days, chest CT showed decreasing GGOs in a 46-year-old woman. At day 13 after admission, the GGOs in the right lung had resolved; the left GGOs showed partial resolution. |
| Shi et al. (2020) [229] | This study uses imaging data for patient's improvement monitoring in a case with COVID-19. |
| Fang et al. (2020) [230] | The authors report two cases of COVID-19 using CT imaging data. |
| Kanne (2020) [231] | In the correct clinical setting, bilateral GGOs or consolidation at chest imaging should prompt the radiologist to suggest COVID-19 as a possible diagnosis. A normal chest CT scan does not exclude the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. |
| Adair and Ledermann (2020) [232] | This case report discusses the imaging findings of one of the first cases in the mid-western United States. |
| Burhan et al. (2020) [233] | The result may suggest that in an area with high number of COVID-19 case, CT Scan might be a better diagnostic tool compared to RT-PCR in diagnosing COVID-19. |
| Feng et al. (2020) [234] | It is challenging to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from other viral pneumonia on CT findings alone; however, the authors emphasise the utility of chest CT to detect early change of COVID-19 in cases which RT-PCR tests show negative results. |
| Hao and Li (2020) [235] | If patients have clinical symptoms, epidemiological characteristics, and chest CT imaging characteristics of viral pneumonia compatible with COVID-19 infection, we need to carefully consider the isolation and treatment of these patients even if the RT-PCR test is negative. |
| Yang and Yan (2020) [236] | A patient with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection may have normal chest CT at admission. |
| Lei et al. (2020) [237] | The bilateralism of the peripheral lung opacities, without subpleural sparing, are common CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia. |