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. 2021 Jun 22;11:13087. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-92456-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Anethole induces apoptosis of oral cancer cells. (A) Mouth epidermoid carcinoma cells (Ca9-22) were exposed to different concentrations of anethole (0.3 μM to 30 μM) for 24 h or 48 h. Apoptosis/necrosis was measured with an annexin V/PI kit and analyzed by flow cytometry (n = 3). Controls was being used to determinate the gates. (B) Histogram displays flow cytometry results of Ca9-22 cell apoptosis/necrosis after 24 h and 48 h of anethole exposure. Results are reported with means (% of death) ± SD. (C) Western blotting confirmed the involvement of apoptotic pathways and expression after being exposed with anethole 10 μM for 24 h. Proteins were extracted with the Bradford technique before migration on SDS-PAGE (7 to 15%). β-actin was used as control (n = 3). (D) Represents a histograms showing fold changes of indicated proteins. 100% was the density of untreated cells.