Table 2.
Preventive health behaviors of study respondents by age, gender, ethnicity, and residence area.
| Overall | Age | Gender | Ethnicity | Residence area | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18–22 | 23+ | P | Female | Male | P | Han | Minority | P | Low-endemic | High-endemic | P | ||
| Mean ± SD† | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||
| Preventive health behavior of | |||||||||||||
| Washing hands | 5.95 ± 1.38 | 6.02 ± 1.29 | 5.87 ± 1.48 | 6.02 ± 1.34 | 5.79 ± 1.45 | 5.91 ± 1.40 | 6.33 ± 1.03 | 5.94 ± 1.37 | 5.97 ± 1.41 | ||||
| Wearing a face mask | 6.85 ± 0.60 | 6.88 ± 0.51 | 6.82 ± 0.69 | 6.82 ± 0.64 | 6.90 ± 0.47 | 6.86 ± 0.57 | 6.72 ± 0.83 | 6.85 ± 0.54 | 6.83 ± 0.71 | ||||
| Maintaining social distancing | 6.19 ± 1.60 | 6.39 ± 1.36 | 5.96 ± 1.84 | * | 6.23 ± 1.57 | 6.11 ± 1.68 | 6.23 ± 1.56 | 5.83 ± 2.04 | 6.14 ± 1.63 | 6.32 ± 1.56 | |||
| Perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 | 2.92 ± 1.70 | 3.05 ± 1.72 | 2.75 ± 1.67 | 3.08 ± 1.65 | 2.52 ± 1.77 | ** | 2.91 ± 1.70 | 3.00 ± 1.78 | 2.88 ± 1.68 | 3.00 ± 1.76 | |||
| Perceived severity of COVID-19 | 5.08 ± 1.51 | 5.00 ± 1.50 | 5.17 ± 1.53 | 4.96 ± 1.46 | 5.36 ± 1.60 | * | 5.11 ± 1.53 | 4.72 ± 1.27 | 5.17 ± 1.46 | 4.85 ± 1.61 | |||
| Perceived benefits of | |||||||||||||
| Washing hands | 5.50 ± 1.27 | 5.47 ± 1.23 | 5.54 ± 1.32 | 5.44 ± 1.29 | 5.64 ± 1.24 | 5.50 ± 1.22 | 5.50 ± 1.76 | 5.51 ± 1.19 | 5.48 ± 1.47 | ||||
| Wearing a face mask | 5.87 ± 1.23 | 5.97 ± 1.15 | 5.74 ± 1.32 | 5.83 ± 1.24 | 5.95 ± 1.22 | 5.82 ± 1.26 | 6.33 ± 0.77 | ** | 5.86 ± 1.19 | 5.88 ± 1.33 | |||
| Maintaining social distancing | 6.19 ± 0.93 | 6.25 ± 0.86 | 6.11 ± 1.01 | 6.18 ± 0.95 | 6.20 ± 0.89 | 6.18 ± 0.91 | 6.22 ± 1.12 | 6.18 ± 0.95 | 6.20 ± 0.88 | ||||
| Perceived barriers to | |||||||||||||
| Washing hands | 2.65 ± 1.69 | 2.47 ± 1.63 | 2.87 ± 1.76 | * | 2.68 ± 1.63 | 2.59 ± 1.86 | 2.73 ± 1.72 | 1.78 ± 1.06 | *** | 2.62 ± 1.71 | 2.72 ± 1.67 | ||
| Wearing a face mask | 5.17 ± 1.66 | 5.17 ± 1.68 | 5.17 ± 1.64 | 5.23 ± 1.57 | 5.03 ± 1.86 | 5.26 ± 1.60 | 4.22 ± 2.02 | ** | 5.13 ± 1.70 | 5.28 ± 1.56 | |||
| Maintaining social distancing | 2.58 ± 1.76 | 2.33 ± 1.68 | 2.87 ± 1.83 | ** | 2.63 ± 1.75 | 2.46 ± 1.79 | 2.59 ± 1.75 | 2.39 ± 1.88 | 2.57 ± 1.76 | 2.60 ± 1.78 | |||
| Cue to action of | |||||||||||||
| Washing hands | 6.27 ± 1.03 | 6.38 ± 1.01 | 6.13 ± 1.04 | * | 6.27 ± 1.03 | 6.26 ± 1.03 | 6.23 ± 1.06 | 6.61 ± 0.61 | ** | 6.24 ± 0.99 | 6.32 ± 1.13 | ||
| Wearing a face mask | 6.59 ± 0.72 | 6.69 ± 0.55 | 6.47 ± 0.87 | ** | 6.57 ± 0.69 | 6.64 ± 0.80 | 6.57 ± 0.73 | 6.78 ± 0.55 | 6.56 ± 0.75 | 6.67 ± 0.65 | |||
| Maintaining social distancing | 6.28 ± 1.18 | 6.29 ± 1.27 | 6.26 ± 1.07 | 6.17 ± 1.29 | 6.52 ± 0.83 | ** | 6.28 ± 1.15 | 6.22 ± 1.52 | 6.28 ± 1.13 | 6.27 ± 1.29 | |||
| Self-efficacy of | |||||||||||||
| Washing hands | 5.84 ± 1.30 | 5.95 ± 1.26 | 5.71 ± 1.34 | 5.84 ± 1.33 | 5.84 ± 1.24 | 5.79 ± 1.32 | 6.33 ± 0.91 | * | 5.80 ± 1.23 | 5.93 ± 1.50 | |||
| Wearing a face mask | 6.60 ± 0.70 | 6.70 ± 0.53 | 6.47 ± 0.84 | ** | 6.59 ± 0.73 | 6.61 ± 0.64 | 6.58 ± 0.72 | 6.78 ± 0.43 | * | 6.61 ± 0.65 | 6.57 ± 0.81 | ||
| Maintaining social distancing | 6.07 ± 1.13 | 6.17 ± 1.04 | 5.95 ± 1.23 | 6.08 ± 1.16 | 6.03 ± 1.06 | 6.05 ± 1.11 | 6.28 ± 1.32 | 6.06 ± 1.15 | 6.08 ± 1.09 | ||||
| Knowledge of COVID-19 | 4.41 ± 0.95 | 4.32 ± 0.94 | 4.52 ± 0.95 | 4.30 ± 0.86 | 4.69 ± 1.09 | ** | 4.38 ± 0.94 | 4.72 ± 0.96 | 4.44 ± 0.98 | 4.35 ± 0.88 | |||
†
1 as extremely unlikely and 7 as extremely likely.
*
Significant at 0.1,
**
Significant at 0.05,
***
Significant at 0.01.