Table 2.

An overview of published reviews that evaluate the association between migraine and obesity.

Article	(Type of) study	Main focus	Main findings on the association with migraine
Chai et al. (108)	Systematic review	General overview	• Obese subjects have an increased risk of both episodic and chronic migraine. • The association has mainly been observed in populations of reproductive age (mean age <50, which is in line with the age when migraine is most prevalent). • No association has been observed in subjects of perireproductive or postreproductive age.
Ornello et al. (106)	Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies	General overview	• Compared to subjects with a normal weight, obese subjects have an increased risk to have chronic migraine. • Compared to subjects without migraine, subjects with migraine have no increased risk to be obese. • Age, attack frequency and (female) gender might be effect-modifiers in this association.
Farello et al. (112)	Systematic review	Association between obesity and migraine in children	• Compared to lean controls, obese children suffering from migraine have a higher frequency and severity of their headache attacks. • A higher obesity prevalence is observed in children with migraine than in the general population.
Pavlovic et al. (121)	Narrative review	Effects of obesity on females with migraine of various ages	• The association between migraine and obesity is mainly observed in women of reproductive age; no relation is observed in women >55 years. • Age-related and hormonal changes play a role in this relationship.