Table 1.

Potential shared aspects between CD and ENO1.

Alpha-enolase	Celiac disease	References
Intestinal distribution	Classical enteric disease	[1,40,41]
AAE Abs are gluten dependent	All CD diagnostic autoantibodies are gluten dependent	[1,7,41,43,44]
Associated with cardiomyopathy	Dilated cardiomyopathy	[45,46]
Associated with cancer	A precancerous condition	[47,48]
Regulates α1+α2 Interferon	Interferon induced inflammation and intestinal damage	[49,50]
Regulated by iron	High incidence of iron deficiency	[[51], [52], [53]]
Stimulates dendritic cells	Gliadin peptides presenting cell	[54,55]
Enhances extra cellular matrix destruction	extra cellular matrix destruction in the enteric mucosa	[56,57]
Involved in pyruvate synthesis	Low pyruvate levels in CD mucosa.	[24,58]
Plasminogen receptor, activator of plasmin	Hypercoagulability	[8,57,59]
Molecular mimicry with rotavirus	Rotavirus is associated and rotavirus vaccination is protective	[[60], [61], [62]]
AAE Ab positivity in IBD, systemic and multiple sclerosis, Behçet's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, cryoglobulinemia and membranous nephropathy	All those autoimmune diseases are associated with CD	[12,[29], [30], [31], [32], [33],[63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [70]]
up-regulated in the brain of neurodegenerative diseases	Tissue transglutaminase and gluten are associated with neurodegenerative conditions	[[71], [72], [73]]
Expressed on peripheral lymphocytes (highest expression), erythrocytes, thrombocytes and serum	Intestinal origin of peripheral mature lymphocytes	[[9], [10], [11],13,74]
A substrate for posttranslational modification of transglutaminase	Tissue transglutaminase is the autoantigen	[75,76]
ENO1 is a cell wall protein responsible for transglutaminase activity in Candida albicans	Candida albicans is a potential inducer of celiac disease	[77,78]
Eno1 has TGase activity	Moonlighting Proteins at the Candidal Cell Surface	[79]