Table 4.
Longitudinal associations between intrinsic capacities (IC), neighbourhood physical environments and functional ability (FA) of older adults: Latent growth curve models.
| Model 1 (within a 200-meter buffer area) |
Model 2 (within a 500-meter buffer area) |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept of FA |
Slope of FA |
Intercept of FA |
Slope of FA |
|||||||||
| β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | |
| Variables | ||||||||||||
| Intercept of IC | 8.33 | (7.82, 8.84) | <0.001 | 0.29 | (0.03, 0.56) | 0.072 | 8.31 | (7.80, 8.81) | <0.001 | 0.33 | (0.06, 0.59) | 0.042 |
| Slope of IC | 9.08 | (7.21, 10.96) | <0.001 | 8.91 | (7.08, 10.75) | <0.001 | ||||||
| EN | ||||||||||||
| Green Space% | −0.31 | (−1.75, 1.12) | 0.720 | 1.15 | (0.32, 1.99) | 0.023 | 0.74 | (−0.25, 1.74) | 0.218 | −0.39 | (−0.95, 0.18) | 0.259 |
| Land use mix | −0.30 | (−1.07, 0.47) | 0.515 | −0.08 | (−0.53, 0.36) | 0.765 | −1.02 | (−2.84, 0.81) | 0.360 | −0.42 | (−1.47, 0.62) | 0.508 |
| # of commercial facilities | −0.12 | (−0.23, −0.01) | 0.072 | 0.04 | (−0.02, 0.11) | 0.272 | 0.001 | (−0.04, 0.03) | 0.872 | −0.04 | (−0.06, −0.02) | 0.004 |
| # of community centres | −0.01 | (−0.19, 0.17) | 0.938 | 0.01 | (−0.09, 0.12) | 0.843 | −0.18 | (−0.32, −0.04) | 0.036 | 0.01 | (−0.08, 0.09) | 0.910 |
| # of leisure facilities | −0.01 | (−0.09, 0.07) | 0.804 | 0.00 | (−0.05, 0.05) | 0.999 | 0.01 | (−0.04, 0.06) | 0.677 | 0.03 | (0.01, 0.06) | 0.043 |
| # of public transport facilities | −0.08 | (−0.28, 0.12) | 0.515 | 0.01 | (−0.11, 0.13) | 0.924 | −0.01 | (−0.09, 0.07) | 0.891 | 0.08 | (0.04, 0.13) | 0.003 |
| # of health care facilities | 0.17 | (0.05, 0.29) | 0.021 | −0.07 | (−0.14, 0) | 0.092 | 0.15 | (0.06, 0.25) | 0.008 | −0.02 | (−0.08, 0.04) | 0.547 |
| Mean of intercept | 19.26 | (17.77, 20.74) | <0.001 | 19.47 | (17.32, 21.63) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Mean of slope | −0.14 | (−0.49, 0.22) | 0.520 | 0.37 | (−0.57, 1.32) | 0.517 | ||||||
| Residual of intercept | 3.97 | (3.16, 4.79) | <0.001 | 3.93 | (3.12, 4.74) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Residual of slope | −0.43 | (−0.89, 0.02) | 0.118 | −0.44 | (−0.89, 0.01) | 0.107 | ||||||
| N | 2,078 | 2,078 | ||||||||||
| Chi-Square (df) | 311.165 (51) | <0.001 | 360.049 (51) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| RMSEA | 0.050 | 0.054 | ||||||||||
| CFI | 0.960 | 0.953 | ||||||||||
| TLI | 0.937 | 0.926 | ||||||||||
| SRMR | 0.025 | 0.027 | ||||||||||
Notes: β = unstandardized coefficient; CI = Confident Intervals; # = number; RMSEA = Root-mean-square error of approximation; CFI = Comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker-Lewis Index; SRMR = Standardized root-mean-square residual.