Table.
Population characteristics, disease prevalence, and multimorbidity
| All (n=17 118) | Men (n=5500) | Women (n=11 618) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | |||
| 15–24 | 4684 (27%) | 2101 (38%) | 2583 (22%) |
| 25–44 | 5644 (33%) | 1711 (31%) | 3933 (34%) |
| 45–64 | 4393 (26%) | 1096 (20%) | 3297 (28%) |
| ≥65 | 2397 (14%) | 592 (11%) | 1805 (16%) |
| Residence location | |||
| Urban | 946 (6%) | 292 (5%) | 654 (6%) |
| Peri-urban | 5509 (32%) | 1820 (33%) | 3689 (32%) |
| Rural | 10 571/17 026 (62%) | 3361/5473 (61%) | 7210/11 553 (62%) |
| Employment status | |||
| Unemployed* | 3653/6516 (56%) | 1169/2307 (51%) | 2484/4209 (59%) |
| Diseases† | |||
| HIV‡ | 34·2% (33·5–34·9) | 24·8% (23·7–26·0) | 40·0% (39·1–40·9) |
| Active tuberculosis§ | 1·4% (1·2–1·6) | 1·8% (1·5–2·2) | 1·1% (1·0–1·3) |
| Lifetime tuberculosis¶ | 21·8% (21·2–22·4) | 23·4% (22·3–24·5) | 20·8% (20·1–21·6) |
| Elevated blood glucose‖ | 8·5% (8·1–8·9) | 4·9% (4·4–5·5) | 10·7% (10·1–11·2) |
| Elevated blood pressure** | 23·0% (22·4–23·6) | 16·5% (15·5–17·4) | 27·0% (26·2–27·8) |
| Multimorbidity†† | |||
| Healthy, no disease | 47·9% (47·2–48·7) | 61·3% (60·0–62·6) | 38·5% (37·6–39·4) |
| One controlled disease | 23·9% (23·3–24·6) | 15·1% (14·2–16·1) | 30·1% (29·3–31·0) |
| Two or more controlled diseases | 2·3% (2·1–2·5) | 1·1% (0·9–1·4) | 3·1% (2·8–3·5) |
| One uncontrolled disease | 16·4% (15·8–17·0) | 16·3% (15·4–17·3) | 16·4% (15·8–17·1) |
| Two or more diseases, at least one of which was uncontrolled | 9·5% (9·1–9·9) | 6·1% (5·5–6·7) | 11·9% (11·3–12·5) |
Data shown as n (%) or prevalence (95% CI).
Unemployment calculated among members of the resident population in the labour force (n=6516).
Prevalence weighted for non-response; weights calculated as the inverse probability of survey participation, in strata defined by age group and sex.
HIV defined as a positive fourth generation antigen–antibody test.
Active tuberculosis defined as Vukuzazi sputum positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (by either GeneXpert Ultra or liquid culture, or both) or currently on treatment for clinically diagnosed tuberculosis, or both.
Lifetime tuberculosis defined by a combination of active tuberculosis, self-reported current or past tuberculosis treatment, or radiological findings of previous tuberculosis disease on survey chest x-ray.
Elevated blood glucose defined as a Vukuzazi glycated haemoglobin of 6·5% or more, or diagnosed with and on treatment for diabetes, or both.
Elevated blood pressure defined as an average systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or more or an average diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or more in the last two readings on Vukuzazi, or diagnosed with and on treatment for hypertension, or a combination.
Multimorbidity defined by the number and state of control for four diseases (HIV, active tuberculosis, elevated blood glucose, and elevated blood pressure).