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. 2021 Jun 9;9:680100. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680100

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Copyright © 2021 Guo, Xia, Deng, Yang, Pi, Cui and Jin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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DUBs involved in stem cell factors, SRSs and ITAIM. DUBs can regulate the stem cell factors and the components of SRSs, promoting stemness of CSCs. Additionally, DUBs can affect ITAIMs directly by acting on cytokines, inhibitory immune checkpoints or other oncogenes. The combination of DUBs with substrates leads to deubiquitination and protects substrates from degradation. Therefore, the protein level of the substrate and the signaling pathways involved are upregulated. The arrow at the end of the line in the figure represents upregulation, and the horizontal line represents downregulation.