Table 4.
Multivariable regression analyses of whole blood stimulated samples among slide negative participants and participants with asymptomatic malaria.
| Slide negative cases | Asymptomatic malaria | Coëfficiënt | 95% CI | t-statistic | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=123 | n=59 | |||||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | ||||||||
| Median | 25-75 IQR | Median | 25-75 IQR | Coëfficiënt | 95% CI | t-statistic | p-value | |
| IFN-γ | 56.3 | 39-157.9 | 39 | 39-39 | -0.49 | -0.84 - -0.15 | -2.81 | .03 |
| TNF-α | 3,950.4 | 2,460.5-5,811.3 | 1,710.4 | 505.4-3,269.0 | -0.95 | -1.33 - -0.56 | -4.86 | <.0001 |
| IL-1β | 927.3 | 562.3-1,362 | 404.1 | 185.4-792.1 | -0.76 | -1.07 - -0.44 | -1.07 | <.0001 |
| IL-6 | 18,851.6 | 13,024.2-29,192.5 | 12,917.9 | 5,298.5-21,583.2 | -0.65 | -1.01 - -0.29 | -3.57 | <.0001 |
| IL-10 | 575.3 | 353.4-887.5 | 432.4 | 299.4-849.2 | -0.33 | -0.60 - -0.05 | -2.33 | .01 |
| Salmonella Typhimurium | ||||||||
| Median | 25-75 IQR | Median | 25-75 IQR | Coëfficiënt | 95% CI | t-statistic | p-value | |
| IFN-γ | 115.1 | 40.8-318.7 | 23.3 | 19.5-112.9 | -0.99 | -1.62 - -0.37 | -3.12 | .01*a |
| TNF-α | 4,205.7 | 2,767.2-6,457.8 | 5,332.8 | 2,593.4-8760.2 | -0.05 | -0.35 – 0.26 | -0.30 | .8 |
| IL-1β | 3,816.3 | 2,718.2-4,712.0 | 3,492.1 | 1,558.7-4,873.9 | -0.09 | -0.30 – 0.12 | -0.86 | .4*b |
| IL-6 | 35,579.3 | 25,873.2-55,766.3 | 42,766.3 | 27,196.0-60,000.0 | -0.01 | -0.22 – 0.20 | -0.08 | .9*c |
| IL-10 | 5,854.4 | 3,910.6-9,032.8 | 4,220.2 | 2,659.2-6,955.4 | -0.64 | -1.10 - -1.8 | -2.75 | .04 |
| LPS | ||||||||
| Median | 25-75 IQR | Median | 25-75 IQR | Coëfficiënt | 95% CI | t-statistic | p-value | |
| IFN-γ | 51.3 | 20.9-201.2 | 19.5 | 19.5-76.3 | -1.10 | -1.76 - -0.45 | -3.32 | .005*d |
| TNF-α | 3,750.7 | 2,442.0-5,843.4 | 2,859.1 | 574.9-4,933.3 | -0.67 | -1.08 - -0.27 | -3.28 | .005 |
| IL-1β | 1,468.5 | 945.1-2,138.1 | 908.8 | 277.5-2,164.8 | -0.53 | -0.88 - 09.19 | -3.08 | .01 |
| IL-6 | 23,390.8 | 18,768.9-33,449.6 | 23,569.1 | 11,374.7-34,652.3 | -0.45 | -0.73 - -0.17 | -3.17 | .01 |
| IL-10 | 4,727.5 | 3,314.7-6,845.3 | 2,252.2 | 1,075.9-4,718.9 | -0.62 | -0.91 - -0.34 | <.0001 | |
*Tobit regression; *a41 observations censored, *b5 observations censored, * c44 observations censored, * d57 observations censored.
Each cytokine was analyzed in a separate model. All models were corrected for age, sex, weight, MUAC, leukocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, hemoglobin levels and ELISA-plate layout to correct for batch effect. Cytokine concentrations are reported in pg/mL. For comparison, cytokine concentrations were log-converted. P-values corrected for multiple testing using a Bonferroni test.