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. 2021 Jun 15;7(6):e07293. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07293

Table 1.

The different periods of Chinese history ordered chronologically and classified according to their territorial integrity (Meskill, 1965; Taagepera, 1979, Taagepera, 1997; Song, 1994; Gernet, 1996; Dardess, 2010; Von Glahn, 2016). The average duration of a historical period in the imperial era is approximately 350 ± 50 years.

Period Time range Duration (years) Type
Western Zhou 1045 BCE - 771 BCE 274 Unified
Spring and Autumn Period 771 BCE - 476 CE 295 Intermediate
Warring States and the Qin Dynasty 476 BCE - 206 CE 270 Divided
Han Dynasties 202 BCE - 220 CE 422 Unified
Period of Disunion and Sui Dynasty 220 CE - 618 CE 398 Divided
Tang Dynasty 618 CE - 907 CE 289 Unified
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Tripartition 907 CE -1271 CE 364 Divided
Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty 1271 CE - 1636 CE 365 Unified
Qing Dynasty 1636 CE – 1912 CE 276 Unified